요로감염과 동반된 전해질 불균형의 임상적 의의
Clinical Significance of Electrolyte Imbalance in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection
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목 적:소아 요로 감염은 발열이 있는 환아의 약 5%를 차지하는 흔한 질환으로 감염 그 자체 뿐 아니라 선천적 요로 기형과 관계가 있을 수 있고, 급성기에는 패혈증 등을 유발할 수 있으며, 신 반흔, 고혈압, 신부전 등의 합병증으로 이어질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 발열성 요로감염 환아에서 전해질의 불균형이 요로 감염 중증도의 예측인자로서 의미가 있는지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법:2007년 1월부터 2010년 2월까지 고려대학교 구로병원에서 발열성 요로 감염으로 입원치료를 받은 환아 676명 중 방광 요관 역류와 수신증 외의 다른 신장 기형이 없으며, 요 배양 검사상 의미 있는 세균 배양이 되고, 입원 기간 중 복부 초음파와 신 스캔, 배뇨 중 방광 요도 조영술을 시행한 267명을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 발열성 요로 감염 환아에서 전해질 불균형의 동반 여부에 따라 발열기간, 위장관계 증상의 유무, 말초 혈액 백혈구 수, C-반응성 단백, 적혈구 침강 속도, 수신증, 방광 요관 역류 유무를 조사하였다. 결과:전체 환아 중 혈중 나트륨이 정상보다 감소한 환아는 42.7% (n=114)로 혈중 나트륨이 정상인 환아군에 비하여 말초 혈액 백혈구 수(15,721± 6,554/uL Vs. 12,884±5,367/uL, P<0.05), C-반응성 단백(61.8±56.1 mg/L Vs. 28.9±39.8 mg/L, P<0.05), 적혈구 침강 속도 (43.9±34.3 mm/hr Vs 27.4±26.8 mm/hr, P<0.05)가 유의하게 증가하였으며, 핵 의학 신 스캔 검사상 혈중 나트륨이 정상보다 감소한 환아에서 초기 신 결손이 유의하게 증가하였다(40.4% Vs 14.3%, P<0.05). 그 외 연령, 발열기간, 위장관계 증상의 유무, 수신증의 유무, 방광 요관 역류의 유무에는 양 군간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 전체 환아에서 의미있는 고칼륨혈증이 동반된 환아는 없었다. 결 론:소아의 발열성 요로 감염에서 혈중 나트륨이 정상보다 감소한 환아의 경우 말초 혈액의 염증성 표지자 및 급성 신우신염이 유의하게 증가하며 요로 감염의 급성기 중증도와 관계가 있음을 제시하는 바이다.
Abstract
Purpose:Some hormonal and electrolyte abnormalities have been reported in pediatric patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the imbalance of electrolytes and the severity of infection and associated urologic anomalies in children with febrile UTI. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 267 patients with febrile UTI who were admitted to Korea University Guro Hospital during the period from January, 2007 until February, 2010. According to the presence of hyponatremia or hyperkalemia, clinical parameters and associated renal anomalies, such as hydronephrosis, cortical defects and vesicoureteral reflux, were compared. Results:42.7% of all patients had decreased concentration of serum sodium. In patients with decreased concentration of serum sodium, cortical defects were significantly increased compared to normal patients (40.4% vs. 14.4%, P<0.05). White blood cell (WBC) counts (15,721±6,553/uL vs. 12,885±5,367/uL, P<0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (61.8±56.1 mg/L, vs. 29.9±39.8 mg/L, P<0.05), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (43.9±34.3 mm/hr vs. 27.4±26.8 mm/hr, P<0.05) in peripheral blood showed significant increases in the group with decreased concentration of serum sodium. Duration of fever, presence of gastrointestinal symptom, the incidence of hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux did not differ between the two groups. None of the patients had significant hyperkalemia. Conclusion:We suggest that decreased concentration of serum sodium in febrile UTI might be a helpful marker for leukocytosis and increased CRP and ESR in peripheral blood, and acute pyelonephritis.
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