Impact of different shades of light-emitting diode on fecal microbiota and gut health in broiler chickens
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens reared in the presence of different shades of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, correlating this information with biochemical and molecular evidence that allowed drawing conclusions on the state of health of the animals. Methods: Overall, the metagenomic approach on fecal samples was associated with evaluations on enzymes involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress: glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase and catalase; while the inflammatory aspect was studied through the dosage of a proinflammatory cytokine, the interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the evaluation of the matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9). Specifically, analysis was performed on distinct groups of chickens respectively raised in the presence of neutral (K = 3,300 to 3,700), cool (K = 5,500 to 6,000), and warm (K = 3,000 to 2,500) LED lightings, and a direct comparison was performed with animals reared with traditional neon lights. Results: The metagenomic analysis highlighted the presence of two most abundant bacterial phyla, the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes, with the latter characterized by a greater relative abundance (p<0.05) in the group of animals reared with Neutral LED light. The analysis on the enzymes involved in the antioxidant response showed an effect of the LED light, regardless of the applied shade, of reducing the expression of GPX (p<0.01), although this parameter is not correlated to an effective reduction in the tissue amount of the enzyme. Regarding the inflammatory state, no differences associated with IL-6 and MMP-9 were found; however, is noteworthy the significant reduction of MMP-2 activity in tissue samples obtained from animals subjected to illumination with neutral LED light. Conclusion: This evidence, combined with the metagenomic findings, supports a potential positive effect of neutral LED lighting on animal welfare, although these considerations must be reflected in more targeted biochemical evaluations.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens reared in the presence of different shades of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, correlating this information with biochemical and molecular evidence that allowed drawing conclusions on the state of health of the animals. Methods: Overall, the metagenomic approach on fecal samples was associated with evaluations on enzymes involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress: glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase and catalase; while the inflammatory aspect was studied through the dosage of a proinflammatory cytokine, the interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the evaluation of the matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9). Specifically, analysis was performed on distinct groups of chickens respectively raised in the presence of neutral (K = 3,300 to 3,700), cool (K = 5,500 to 6,000), and warm (K = 3,000 to 2,500) LED lightings, and a direct comparison was performed with animals reared with traditional neon lights. Results: The metagenomic analysis highlighted the presence of two most abundant bacterial phyla, the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes, with the latter characterized by a greater relative abundance (p<0.05) in the group of animals reared with Neutral LED light. The analysis on the enzymes involved in the antioxidant response showed an effect of the LED light, regardless of the applied shade, of reducing the expression of GPX (p<0.01), although this parameter is not correlated to an effective reduction in the tissue amount of the enzyme. Regarding the inflammatory state, no differences associated with IL-6 and MMP-9 were found; however, is noteworthy the significant reduction of MMP-2 activity in tissue samples obtained from animals subjected to illumination with neutral LED light. Conclusion: This evidence, combined with the metagenomic findings, supports a potential positive effect of neutral LED lighting on animal welfare, although these considerations must be reflected in more targeted biochemical evaluations.
참고문헌 (34)
- Magdelaine P, "Poultry meat consumption trends in Europe", World's Poult Sci J, 64, pp.53~64 (2008)[DOI]
- Petracci M, "Muscle growth and poultry meat quality issues", Nutrients, 4, pp.1~12 (2012)[DOI]
- Olanrewaju HA, "A review of lighting programs for broiler production", Int J Poult Sci, 5, pp.301~308 (2006)[DOI]
- Rozenboim I, "The effect of a green and blue monochromatic light combination on broiler growth and development", Poult Sci, 83, pp.842~845 (2004)[DOI]
- Huber-Eicher B, "Effects of colored light-emitting diode illumination on behavior and performance of laying hens", Poult Sci, 92, pp.869~873 (2013)[DOI]
- Rozenboim I, "New monochromatic light source for laying hens", Poult Sci, 77, pp.1695~1698 (1998)[DOI]
- Parvin R, "Light emitting diode (LED) as a source of monochromatic light : a novel lighting approach for behaviour, physiology and welfare of poultry", World's Poult Sci J, 70, pp.543~556 (2014)[DOI]
- Hunt J, "Shedding some light on lifting bird welfare", World Poult, 163, pp.34~ (2009)
- Mendes AS, "Performance and preference of broiler chickens exposed to different lighting sources", J Appl Poult Res, 22, pp.62~70 (2013)[DOI]
- Li X, "Impacts of colored light-emitting diode illumination on the growth performance and fecal microbiota in goose", Poult Sci, 99, pp.1805~1812 (2020)[DOI]
- Jovel J, "Characterization of the gut microbiome using 16S or shotgun metagenomics", Front Microbiol, 7, pp.459~ (2016)[DOI]
- Lee WJ, "Gut microbiota-generated metabolites in animal health and disease", Nat Chem Biol, 10, pp.416~424 (2014)[DOI]
- Nagase H, "Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs", Cardiovac Res, 69, pp.562~573 (2006)[DOI]
- Council of the European Union, "Directive 2007", 43, OffJ Eur Union, pp.2007, 182[DOI]
- Bennato F, "Evaluation of chemical composition and meat quality of breast muscle in broilers reared under light-emitting diode", Animals, 11, pp.1505~ (2021)[DOI]
- Stinca A, "Changes in multi-level biodiversity and soil features in a burned beech forest in the southern italian coastal mountain", Forests, 11, pp.983~ (2020)[DOI]
- Yan W, "Efficacy of fecal sampling as a gut proxy in the study of chicken gut microbiota", Front Microbiol, 10, pp.2126~ (2019)[DOI]
- Rychlik I, "Composition and function of chicken gut microbiota", Animals, 10, pp.103~ (2020)[DOI]
- Oakley BB, "The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome", FEMS Microbiol Lett, 360, pp.100~112 (2014)[DOI]
- Turnbaugh PJ, "An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest", Nature, 444, pp.1027~1031 (2006)[DOI]
- Justin L. Sonnenburg, "Glycan Foraging in Vivo by an Intestine-Adapted Bacterial Symbiont", Science, 307(5717), pp.1955~1959 (2005), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)[DOI]
- Thomas F, "Environmental and gut bacteroidetes : the food connection", Front Microbiol, 2, pp.93~ (2011)[DOI]
- Curtis MM, "The gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exacerbates enteric infection through modification of the metabolic landscape", Cell Host Microbe, 16, pp.759~769 (2014)[DOI]
- Pandit RJ, "Microbial diversity and community composition of caecal microbiota in commercial and indigenous Indian chickens determined using 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing", Microbiome, 6, pp.115~ (2018)[DOI]
- Donohoe DR, "The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon", Cell Metab, 13, pp.517~526 (2011)[DOI]
- Jeurissen SH, "Defence mechanisms against viral infection in poultry : a review", Vet Q, 22, pp.204~208 (2000)[DOI]
- Turkowska E, "Diurnal and seasonal changes in IL-6 and IL-18 gene expression in blood leukocytes of male chickens with experimental peritonitis : the impact of lighting conditions and melatonin", J Anim Feed Sci, 22, pp.149~157 (2013)
- Nissinen L, "Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammation", Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj, 1840, pp.2571~2580 (2014)[DOI]
- Ozyigit MO, "The identification of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in broiler chickens by immunohistochemistry", Avian Pathol, 34, pp.509~516 (2005)[DOI]
- Nagase H, "Matrix metalloproteinases", J Biol Chem, 274, pp.21491~21494 (1999)[DOI]
- Ganguly K, "Effect of melatonin on secreted and induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 and-2activity during prevention of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer", J Pineal Res, 39, pp.307~315 (2005)[DOI]
- Tang D, "The development of antioxidant system in the intestinal tract of broiler chickens", Poult Sci, 98, pp.664~678 (2019)[DOI]
- Bai WK, "Dietary probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain fmbj increases antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of chicken breast meat during storage", PloS one, 11, pp.e0167339~ (2016)[DOI]
- Seyidoğlu N, "The effects of different monochromatic colors on oxidant antioxidant balance in broilers", J Vet Med Res, 39, pp.21~25 (2020)[DOI]