The Core Symptoms of Adolescents Online and Offline Gambling in South Korea Using Network Analysis
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective Adolescent gambling is rapidly increasing recently. However, little is known about the core feature of adolescent gambling that should be the treatment target for adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the core symptom of adolescent gambling using network analysis with large-scale data targeting community indwelling adolescents.Methods We used dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems to explore symptom networks of gambling in adolescents. Of 17,520 respondents in the dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, 5,619 adolescents with experience of gambling were included in the analysis. We computed an association network, a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and a directed acyclic graph to model symptom interactions.Results In each network of online, offline, and all gambling, stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts was the most centrally situated and skipping practice followed by dropping out of activities. Especially strong connections emerged between stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts and academic performance degradation due to gambling. Feeling bad due to gamble and skipping hanging out with friends who do not gamble emerged as a highly central node that might be distinctive to adolescents with online gambling.Conclusion These findings demonstrate central features of adolescent gambling. Different associations among specific network nodes suggest the existence of distinctive psychopathological constructs between online and offline gambling.
Abstract
Objective Adolescent gambling is rapidly increasing recently. However, little is known about the core feature of adolescent gambling that should be the treatment target for adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the core symptom of adolescent gambling using network analysis with large-scale data targeting community indwelling adolescents.Methods We used dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems to explore symptom networks of gambling in adolescents. Of 17,520 respondents in the dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, 5,619 adolescents with experience of gambling were included in the analysis. We computed an association network, a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and a directed acyclic graph to model symptom interactions.Results In each network of online, offline, and all gambling, stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts was the most centrally situated and skipping practice followed by dropping out of activities. Especially strong connections emerged between stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts and academic performance degradation due to gambling. Feeling bad due to gamble and skipping hanging out with friends who do not gamble emerged as a highly central node that might be distinctive to adolescents with online gambling.Conclusion These findings demonstrate central features of adolescent gambling. Different associations among specific network nodes suggest the existence of distinctive psychopathological constructs between online and offline gambling.
참고문헌 (51)
- Montiel I, "Problematic online gambling among adolescents : a systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues", J Behav Addict, 10, pp.566~586 (2021)
- King DL, "Adolescent land-based and internet gambling : Australian and international prevalence rates and measurement issues", Curr Addict Rep, 7, pp.137~148 (2020)
- Calado F, "Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling : a systematic review of recent research", J Gambl Stud, 33, pp.397~424 (2017)
- Livazović G, "Problem gambling in adolescents : what are the psychological, social and financial consequences?", BMC Psychiatry, 19, pp.308~ (2019)
- Håkansson A, "Changes in gambling behavior during the COVID-19pandemic—a web survey study in Sweden", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, pp.4013~ (2020)
- Håkansson A, "Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis – a cause for concern", J Addict Med, 14, pp.e10~e12 (2020)
- Armitage R, "Gambling among adolescents : an emerging public health problem", Lancet Public Health, 6, pp.e143~ (2021)
- St-Pierre RA, "How availability and accessibility of gambling venues influence problem gambling : a review of the literature", Gaming Law Rev Econ, 18, pp.150~172 (2014)
- Delfabbro P, "Adolescent gambling and problem gambling : prevalence, current issues, and concerns", Curr Addict Rep, 3, pp.268~274 (2016)
- Gainsbury SM, "Online gambling addiction : the relationship between internet gambling and disordered gambling", Curr Addict Rep, 2, pp.185~193 (2015)
- Gainsbury SM, "The impact of internet gambling on gambling problems : a comparison of moderate-risk and problem internet and non-internet gamblers", Psychol Addict Behav, 27, pp.1092~1101 (2013)
- Hing N, "Gambling prevalence and gambling problems amongst land-basedonly, online-only and mixed-mode gamblers in Australia : a national study", Comput Hum Behav, 132, pp.107269~ (2022)
- Slutske WS, "Genetic and environmental influences on disordered gambling in men and women", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67, pp.624~630 (2010)
- Ladouceur R, "Gambling : the hidden addiction", Can J Psychiatry, 49, pp.501~503 (2004)
- Hardoon KK, "Psychosocial variables associated with adolescent gambling", Psychol Addict Behav, 18, pp.170~179 (2004)
- Dussault F, "Longitudinal links between impulsivity, gambling problems and depressive symptoms : a transactional model from adolescence to early adulthood", J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 52, pp.130~138 (2011)
- Mestre-Bach G, "The role of ADHD symptomatology and emotion dysregulation in gambling disorder", J Atten Disord, 25, pp.1230~1239 (2021)
- Berkowitz SD, "An Introduction to Structural Analysis: The Network Approach to Social Research" (1982), Butterworth
- Galderisi S, "Interplay among psychopathologic variables, personal resources, context-related factors, and real-life functioning in individuals with schizophrenia : a network analysis", JAMA Psychiatry, 75, pp.396~404 (2018)
- Borsboom D, "Network analysis : an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology", Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 9, pp.91~121 (2013)
- Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory(CAGI)phase III final report, "Tremblay J", Alberta Gaming Research Institute, ~ (2010)
- Epskamp S, "qgraph : network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data", J Stat Softw, 48, pp.1~18 (2012)
- Epskamp S, "Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy : a tutorial paper", Behav Res Methods, 50, pp.195~212 (2018)
- Tibshirani R, "Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso", J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol, 58, pp.267~288 (1996)
- Chen J, "Extended Bayesian information criteria for model selection with large model spaces", Biometrika, 95, pp.759~771 (2008)
- Csardi G Nepusz T, "The igraph software package for complex network research", Int J Complex Syst, 1695, pp.1~9 (2006)
- Fruchterman TM, "Graph drawing by force-directed placement", Softw Pract Exp, 21, pp.1129~1164 (1991)
- Huic A, "Problem gambling among adolescent girls in Croatia—the role of different psychosocial predictors", Front Psychol, 8, pp.792~ (2017)
- Beard C, "Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample", Psychol Med, 46, pp.3359~3369 (2016)
- Strauss GP, "Network analysis reveals the latent structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia", Schizophr Bull, 45, pp.1033~1041 (2019)
- Forbush KT, "Application of network analysis to identify interactive systems of eating disorder psychopathology", Psychol Med, 46, pp.2667~2677 (2016)
- Spiller TR, "Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of refugees : a network analysis", Eur J Psychotraumatol, 8, pp.1318032~ (2017)
- Potenza MN, "Correlates of at-risk", problem internet gambling in adolescents, 2011, pp.50, 150~159
- Magoon ME, "Gambling among youth in detention centers", J Juv Justice Serv, 21, pp.17~30 (2007)
- Vitaro F, "Gambling, delinquency, and drug use during adolescence : mutual influences and common risk factors", J Gambl Stud, 17, pp.171~190 (2001)
- Pagani LS, "Predicting gambling behavior in sixth grade from kindergarten impulsivity : a tale of developmental continuity", Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 163, pp.238~243 (2009)
- Vitaro F, "Longitudinal links between gambling participation and academic performance in youth : a test of four models", J Gambl Stud, 34, pp.881~892 (2018)
- González-Roz A, "Prevalence of problem gambling among adolescents : a comparison across modes of access, gambling activities, and levels of severity", J Gambl Stud, 33, pp.371~382 (2017)
- Yip SW, "Health", functioning characteristics, gambling behaviors, and gambling-related motivations in adolescents stratified by gambling problem severity : findings from a high school survey, 2011, pp.20, 495~508
- Griffiths MD, "Adolescent gambling on the internet : a review", Int J Adolesc Med Health, 22, pp.59~75 (2010)
- Escario JJ, "Exploring predictors of online gambling in a nationally representative sample of Spanish adolescents", Comput Hum Behav, 102, pp.287~292 (2020)
- Delfabbro P, "Psychosocial correlates of problem gambling in Australian students", Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 40, pp.587~595 (2006)
- McCormack A, "Motivating and inhibiting factors in online gambling behaviour : a grounded theory study", Int J Ment Health Addiction, 10, pp.39~53 (2012)
- Effertz T, "The effect of online gambling on gambling problems and resulting economic health costs in Germany", Eur J Health Econ, 19, pp.967~978 (2018)
- Chóliz M, "The risk of online gambling : a study of gambling disorder prevalence rates in Spain", Int J Ment Health Addiction, 19, pp.404~417 (2021)
- Kairouz S, "Are online gamblers more at risk than offline gamblers?", Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 15, pp.175~180 (2012)
- Griffiths M, "Internet gambling, health, smoking and alcohol use : findings from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey", Int J Ment Health Addiction, 9, pp.1~11 (2011)
- Bonnaire C, "Internet gaming disorder in male and female young adults : the role of alexithymia, depression, anxiety and gaming type", Psychiatry Res, 272, pp.521~530 (2019)
- Ostinelli EG, "Depressive symptoms and depression in individuals with internet gaming disorder : a systematic review and meta-analysis", J Affect Disord, 284, pp.136~142 (2021)
- Wang JL, "The association between mobile game addiction and depression, social anxiety, and loneliness", Front Public Health, 7, pp.247~ (2019)
- Hardoon K, "Empirical measures vs. perceived gambling severity among youth : why adolescent problem gamblers fail to seek treatment", Addict Behav, 28, pp.933~946 (2003)