장기 스테로이드 치료요법 중인 신질환 환자에서 pamidronate의 효과
Efficacy of Pamidronate in Nephropathic Children with Ongoing Long Term Corticosteroid Therapy
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목 적:신 사구체 질환을 포함한 여러 질환에서 스테로이드가 장기간 투여되고 있다. 스테로이드의 장기간에 걸친 복용은 여러 가지의 부작용을 초래한다. 그중 골다공증은 성장기의 어린이들에는 심각한 부작용 중에 하나이다. 저자들은 신 사구체 질환으로 지속적인 스테로이드 투여를 진행하면서 위약과 pamidronate를 복용시켜 pamidronate의 골다공증 예방효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이중 에너지 X선 흡수법(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA)과 골대사의 생화학적 지표들을 이용하여 연구하였다. 방 법:본 연구는 혈뇨와 단백뇨가 동반되어 2003년 8월부터 2004년 2월 사이에 경희대학교 의과대학 부속병원 소아과에서 지속적인 스테로이드 투여를 3개월 이상 시행 중인 44명(M:F= 25:19)의 환아들을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환아 44명 모두에게는 하루 500 mg의 칼슘제재가 공급되었고, 이 가운데 16명에게는 pamidronate (125 mg/cap)를 하루 1 cap씩 투여하였고, 다른 28명에게는 위약을 3개월간 투여하였다. 지속적인 스테로이드 투여를 시행 중 3개월 사이의 AST, ALT, 요소 질소, 크레아티닌, 칼슘과 인의 농도의 변화를 측정하였다. 골밀도의 변화는 이중 에너지 X-선 흡수법을 이용하여 측정하였고, 부갑상선 호르몬(PTH), 혈중 osteocalcin, 요중 dipyridinoline의 변화를 조사하였다. 결 과:골밀도 검사 상 대조군에서는 0.754±0.211(g/cm2)에서 3개월 동안의 스테로이드 치료 후 0.728±0.208(g/cm2)로 통계상 유의한 정도의 골밀도 감소를 보였다(P=0.0004). 반면 pamidronate를 투여한 그룹에서는 지속적인 스테로이드 치료를 받은 3개월 동안 골밀도가 0.652±0.194 (g/cm2)에서 0.658±0.226(g/cm2)로 증가하였다. 비록 통계학적으로 유의한 증가 소견은 보이지 않았지만 대조군에 비해 스테로이드 치료에 의한 골밀도의 지속적인 저하를 예방하는 효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 결 론:장기 스테로이드 치료요법을 시행받는 환아에서 pamidronate 같은 biphosphonates 제재가 골밀도 저하를 예방하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Background:Steroid-induced osteoporosis(SIO) is one of the serious complications of long- term steroid therapy, especially in growing children. Recently bisphosphonates have been used to treat or prevent SIO in adult, which is rare in children with glomerular diseases. We studied the effect of pamidronate on SIO using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Methods:Forty four children receiving moderate-to-high doses of steroids were enrolled. They had no history of bone, liver, or endocrine disease. Patients were stratified by their baseline bone mineral density(BMD) findings. All patients received corticosteroids for 3 month and oral calcium supplementation(500 mg/day) daily. Among them, 28 patients were treated with placebo and 16 were treated with pamidronate(125 mg) for 3 months. Blood chemistry and bone mineral density(BMD) were measured at baseline, and 3months. In addition, parathyroid hormone(PTH), serum osteocalcin, and urinary dipyridinoline levels were evaluated. Results:In overall population, the mean lumbar spine BMD decreased from 0.754±0.211 (g/cm2) to 0.728±0.208(g/cm2) in the placebo group(P<0.05) and increased from 0.652±0.194 (g/cm2) to 0.658±0.226(g/cm2) in the pamidronate group(P>0.05). Conclusion:Pamidronate appears to be effective in preventing SIO in children with glomerular diseases requiring long-term steroids therapy. Further careful observation and follow-up might be needed for children receiving bisphosphonates such as pamidronate.
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