노화가 평형성 유지 시 운동조절 기능 및 근활성도에 미치는 영향
The effect of aging on motor control function and the muscle activation during maintain postural stability.
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 노화에 따른 운동조절 기능 및 근전도 반응을 보고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 피검자는 평균연령이 20세인 건강한 여자대학생 21명(20.47±2.27세)과 노인여성 18명(68.57±4.65세)을 대상으로 하였다. 운동조절 기능 중 반응시간과 적응도는 동적자세검사기로 측정하였고, 근활성도는 4채널 근전도 검사기로 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 넙다리근, 무릎근에서 실시하였다. 운동조절 기능 특히 큰후방전환에서는 노인군에서 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 적응도 역시 노인군이 낮았으며 특히 초기 적응도에서 노인군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 근전도 반응 결과 후방전환시 균형을 유지하기 위해 넙다리, 장딴지, 무릎근에서 청년군에 비해 유의한 크게 이루어졌고(p<.01), 전방전환시에는 넙다리(p<.01), 무릎근(p<.01), 앞정강근(p<.05), 장딴지근(p<.01)에서 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. Toes up과 toes down 결과 toes up 시에는 넙다리, 무릎근에서 노인군에서 유의하게 근전도 반응이 크게 이루어졌고(p<.05), toes down시에는 넙다리, 무릎근, 장딴지근에서 유의하게 높은 근활성 반응이 이루어지는 것으로 밝혀졌다(p<.05). 결론적으로 노인들은 청년군에 비해 운동조절 기능의 감소 및 균형을 유지하기 위한 근활성도가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of aging on motor control function and the muscle activation during maintain postural stability. Twenty one healthy subjects in young group(21 females; 20.47±2.27 yrs) and 18 healthy subjects in elderly group(18 females; 68.57±4.65 yrs) volunteered for the study. All subjects had no history of musculoskeletal injury or neurological or vestibular disorder, or concussions. Subjects reported to the laboratory for one testing session to measure the motor control functions such as reaction time and adaptation by Dynamic Posturography while the muscle activation patterns were collected through EMG. A statistically significant decrease was observed in large backward translation(p<.05) reaction time in elderly group. Also, there were significantly decrease in adaptation A1, A2(p<.05) in elderly group. The muscle activation in elderly group thigh, gastrocnemius, and hamstring, were higher than subjects in young group during backward translation(p<.01). Also, the muscle activation on thigh(p<.01), hamstring(p<.01), tibialis anterior(p<.05), and gastrocnemius(p<.01) were significantly high in senior group. Significantly higher muscle activation in thigh, hamstring, and gastrocnemius was found during toe-up and toe-down phase in elderly women than young women. Tibialis anterior is the main muscle to keep the balance in both young and elderly women. However, elderly women have much more tibialis anterior muscle activation than young women. These results indicate that the higher level of muscle activation in the elderly woman can be explained not only by decreasing motor control function but also increasing muscle activation to maintain postural stability.
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