Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites

참고문헌 (222)

1. Sampson, T. R., "Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome", Cell Host Microbe, 17, pp.565~576 (2015)
2. Silva, Y. P., "The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication", Front. Endocrinol, 11, pp.25~ (2020)
3. Lassmann, H., "The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis : an overview", Brain Pathol, 17, pp.210~218 (2007)
4. Lucchinetti, C., "Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions : implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination", Ann. Neurol, 47, pp.707~717 (2000)
5. Bien, C. G., "Destruction of neurons by cytotoxic T cells : a new pathogenic mechanism in Rasmussen’s encephalitis", Ann. Neurol, 51, pp.311~318 (2002)
6. Misu, T., "Presence of six different lesion types suggests diverse mechanisms of tissue injury in neuromyelitis optica", Acta Neuropathol, 125, pp.815~827 (2013)
7. Kuhlmann, T., "Diagnosis of inflammatory demyelination in biopsy specimens : a practical approach", Acta Neuropathol, 115, pp.275~287 (2008)
8. Höftberger, R., "Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system", Handb. Clin. Neurol, 145, pp.263~283 (2017)
9. Bradl, M., "Neuromyelitis optica : pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo", Ann. Neurol, 66, pp.630~643 (2009)
10. Linington, C., "Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin", oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 1988, pp.130, 443~
11. Cross, A. H., "B cells and antibodies in CNS demyelinating disease", J. Neuroimmunol., 112, pp.1~14 (2001)
12. Carson, M. J., "The cellular response in neuroinflammation: the role of leukocytes, microglia and astrocytes in neuronal death and survival", Clin. Neurosci. Res., 6, pp.237~245 (2006)
13. Heneka, M. T., "Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease", Lancet Neurol, 14, pp.388~405 (2015)
14. Hirsch, E. C., "Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: a target for neuroprotection?", Lancet Neurol., 8, pp.382~397 (2009)
15. Vargas, D. L., "Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism", Ann. Neurol, 57, pp.67~81 (2005)
16. Berer, K., "Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 114, pp.10719~10724 (2017)
17. Mestre, L., "Manipulation of gut microbiota influences immune responses, axon preservation, and motor disability in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis", Front. Immunol, 10, pp.1374~ (2019)
18. Park, J., "Bidirectional regulatory potentials of short-chain fatty acids and their G-protein-coupled receptors in autoimmune neuroinflammation", Sci. Rep, 9, pp.8837~ (2019)
19. Haase, S., "The role of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in neuroinflammation", Eur. J. Immunol, 50, pp.1863~1870 (2020)
20. Wong, J. M., "Colonic health : fermentation and short chain fatty acids", J. Clin. Gastroenterol, 40, pp.235~243 (2006)
21. Yano, J. M., "Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis", Cell, 161, pp.264~276 (2015)
22. Alexeev, E. E., "Microbiota-derived indole metabolites promote human and murine intestinal homeostasis through regulation of interleukin-10 receptor", Am. J. Pathol, 188, pp.1183~1194 (2018)
23. Taleb, S., "Tryptophan dietary impacts gut barrier and metabolic diseases", Front. Immunol, 10, pp.2113~ (2019)
24. Agus, A., "Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease", Cell Host Microbe, 23, pp.716~724 (2018)
25. Sayin, SamaI., "Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR Antagonist", Cell Metab, 17, pp.225~235 (2013)
26. Kim, C. H., "Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites", Immunology, 154, pp.220~229 (2018)
27. Luu, M., "The short-chain fatty acid pentanoate suppresses autoimmunity by modulating the metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in lymphocytes", Nat. Commun, 10, pp.760~ (2019)
28. Parker, A., "Gut microbes and metabolites as modulators of blood-brain barrier integrity and brain health", Gut Microbes, 11, pp.135~157 (2020)
29. Macfarlane, S., "Regulation of short-chain fatty acid production", Proc. Nutr. Soc, 62, pp.67~72 (2003)
30. Nøhr, M. K., "GPR41", FFAR3 and GPR43, Endocrinology, pp.2013, 154[DOI]
31. Pluznick, J. L., "Microbial short-chain fatty acids and blood pressure regulation", Curr. Hypertens. Rep, 19, pp.25~ (2017)
32. Thangaraju, M., "GPR109A is a G-protein-coupled receptor for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon", Cancer Res, 69, pp.2826~2832 (2009)
33. Sealy, L., "The effect of sodium butyrate on histone modification", Cell, 14, pp.115~121 (1978)
34. Kobayashi, M., "Short-chain fatty acids, GPR41 and GPR43 ligands, inhibit TNF-α-induced MCP-1 expression by modulating p38 and JNK signaling pathways in human renal cortical epithelial cells", Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 486, pp.499~505 (2017)
35. Yu, X., "Short-chain fatty acids from periodontal pathogens suppress histone deacetylases, EZH2, and SUV39H1 to promote Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication", J. Virol, 88, pp.4466~4479 (2014)
36. 김창한, "Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids, T Cells, and Inflammation", Immune Network, 14(6), pp.277~288 (2014), 대한면역학회
37. Säemann, M. D., "Anti-inflammatory effects of sodium butyrate on human monocytes : potent inhibition of IL-12 and up-regulation of IL-10 production", FASEB J, 14, pp.2380~2382 (2000)
38. Sun, M., "Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote Th1 cell IL-10production to maintain intestinal homeostasis", Nat. Commun, 9, pp.3555~ (2018)
39. Kim, C. H., "Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived shortchain fatty acids", Cell. Mol. Immunol, 18, pp.1161~1171 (2021)
40. Sepahi, A., "Dietary fiber metabolites regulate innate lymphoid cell responses", Mucosal Immunol, 14, pp.317~330 (2021)
41. Chun, E., "Metabolite-sensing receptor Ffar2 regulates colonic group 3innate lymphoid cells and gut", Immun. Immun., 51, pp.871~884 (2019)
42. Goverse, G., "Diet-derived short chain fatty acids stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to induce mucosal tolerogenic dendritic cells", J. Immunol, 198, pp.2172~2181 (2017)
43. Chen, H., "A forward chemical genetic screen reveals gut microbiota metabolites that modulate host physiology", Cell, 177, pp.1217~1231 (2019)
44. Proietti, E., "Polyamines and kynurenines at the intersection of immune modulation", Trends Immunol, 41, pp.1037~1050 (2020)
45. Wlodarska, M., "Indoleacrylic acid produced by commensal peptostreptococcus species suppresses inflammation", Cell Host Microbe, 22, pp.25~37 (2017)
46. Lamas, B., "CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands", Nat. Med, 22, pp.598~605 (2016)
47. Zelante, T., "Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22", Immunity, 39, pp.372~385 (2013)
48. Rouse, M., "Indoles mitigate the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by induction of reciprocal differentiation of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells", Br. J. Pharmacol, 169, pp.1305~1321 (2013)
49. Matsumoto, M., "The relationship between microbiota and polyamine concentration in the human intestine : a pilot study", Microbiol. Immunol, 51, pp.25~35 (2007)
50. Landau, G., "The role of polyamines in supporting growth of mammalian cells is mediated through their requirement for translation initiation and elongation", J. Biol. Chem., 285, pp.12474~12481 (2010)
51. Tersey, S. A., "Protective effects of polyamine depletion in mouse models of type 1 diabetes : implications for therapy", Amino Acids, 46, pp.633~642 (2014)
52. Chitrala, K. N., "Comparative analysis of interactions between aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand binding domain with its ligands: a computational study", BMC Struct. Biol., 18, pp.15~ (2018)
53. Hu, Q., "Ginsenosides are novel naturally-occurring aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands", PLoS One, 8, pp.e66258~ (2013)
54. Lee, M. J., "Korean red ginseng and ginsenoside-Rb1", -Rg1 alleviate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th1 and Th17cells and upregulating regulatory T Cells, 2016, pp.53, 1977~2002
55. Xuzhu, G., "Resveratrol modulates murine collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting Th17 and B-cell function", Ann. Rheum. Dis, 71, pp.129~135 (2012)
56. Campbell, C., "Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells", Nature, 581, pp.475~479 (2020)
57. Hang, S., "Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation", Nature, 576, pp.143~148 (2019)
58. Reddy, B. S., "Promoting effect of bile acids in colon carcinogenesis in germ-free and conventional F344 rats", Cancer Res, 37, pp.3238~3242 (1977)
59. Wang, Y. D., "The G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1(TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells(NF-kappaB)in mice", Hepatology, 54, pp.1421~1432 (2011)
60. Sakanaka, T., "The effects of a TGR5 agonist and a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice", J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 30(Suppl 1), pp.60~65 (2015)
61. Hao, H., "Farnesoid X receptor regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome underlies cholestasis-associated sepsis", Cell Metab., 25, pp.856~867 (2017)
62. Guo, C., "Bile acids control inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome", Immunity, 45, pp.944~ (2016)
63. Wang, Z., "Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease", Nature, 472, pp.57~63 (2011)
64. Yazici, C., "Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer", Gut, 66, pp.1983~1994 (2017)
65. Hsiao, E. Y., "Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders", Cell, 155, pp.1451~1463 (2013)
66. Guo, Z., "Intestinal microbiota distinguish gout patients from healthy humans", Sci. Rep, 6, pp.20602~ (2016)
67. Vogt, N. M., "The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease", Alzheimers Res. Ther, 10, pp.124~ (2018)
68. Shao, X., "Uric acid induces cognitive dysfunction through hippocampal inflammation in rodents and humans", J. Neurosci, 36, pp.10990~11005 (2016)
69. Liu, Y., "Gut microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids as signals in host–microbe interplay", Trends Endocrinol. Metab, 31, pp.818~834 (2020)
70. Veldhoen, M., "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins", Nature, 453, pp.106~109 (2008)
71. Sampson, T. R., "Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson’s Disease", Cell, 167, pp.1469~1480 (2016)
72. Sharon, G., "Human gut microbiota from autism spectrum disorder promote behavioral symptoms in mice", Cell, 177, pp.1600~1618 (2019)
73. Kaur, H., "Effects of probiotic supplementation on short chain fatty acids in the AppNL-G-F mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease", J. Alzheimers Dis, 76, pp.1083~1102 (2020)
74. Haghikia, A., "Dietary fatty acids directly impact central nervous system autoimmunity via the small intestine", Immunity, 43, pp.817~829 (2015)
75. Constantinescu, C. S., "Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS).", Br. J. Pharmacol., 164, pp.1079~1106 (2011)
76. Sun, X., "Rolipram promotes remyelination possibly via MEK-ERK signal pathway in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse", Exp. Neurol, 237, pp.304~311 (2012)
77. Blakemore, W. F., "Demyelination of the superior cerebellar peduncle in the mouse induced by cuprizone", J. Neurol. Sci, 20, pp.63~72 (1973)
78. Pavelko, K. D., "Acceleration in the rate of CNS remyelination in lysolecithin-induced demyelination", J. Neurosci., 18, pp.2498~2505 (1998)
79. Lipton, H. L., "Theiler’s virus infection in mice : an unusual biphasic disease process leading to demyelination", Infect. Immun, 11, pp.1147~1155 (1975)
80. Liu, C., "The pathogenesis of Theiler’s GD VII encephalomyelitis virus infection in mice as studied by immunofluorescent technique and infectivity titrations", J. Immunol, 98, pp.46~55 (1967)
81. Krishnamoorthy, G., "Spontaneous opticospinal encephalomyelitis in a double-transgenic mouse model of autoimmune T cell", B cell cooperation, 2006, pp.116, 2385~2392
82. Pöllinger, B., "Spontaneous relapsing-remitting EAE in the SJL", J mouse : MOG-reactive transgenic T cells recruit endogenous MOG-specific B cells, 2009, pp.206, 1303~1316
83. Johanson, D. M., "Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with changes of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract", Sci. Rep, 10, pp.1~14 (2020)
84. Berer, K., "Dietary non-fermentable fiber prevents autoimmune neurological disease by changing gut metabolic and immune status", Sci. Rep, 8, pp.10431~ (2018)
85. Lee, Y. K., "Proinflammatory T-cell responses to gut microbiota promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108(Suppl 1), pp.4615~4622 (2011)
86. Ochoa-Reparaz, J., "Role of gut commensal microflora in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", J. Immunol, 183, pp.6041~6050 (2009)
87. Benedek, G., "Estrogen protection against EAE modulates the microbiota and mucosal-associated regulatory cells", J. Neuroimmunol, 310, pp.51~59 (2017)
88. Cekanaviciute, E., "Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 114, pp.10713~10718 (2017)
89. Visser, L., "Proinflammatory bacterial peptidoglycan as a cofactor for the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease", J. Immunol, 174, pp.808~816 (2005)
90. Ivanov, I. I., "Specific microbiota direct the differentiation of IL-17-producing T-helper cells in the mucosa of the small intestine", Cell Host Microbe, 4, pp.337~349 (2008)
91. Calcinotto, A., "Microbiota-driven interleukin-17-producing cells and eosinophils synergize to accelerate multiple myeloma progression", Nat. Commun, 9, pp.4832~ (2018)
92. Chen, H., "Gut microbiota interventions with clostridium butyricum and norfloxacin modulate immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice", Front. Immunol, 10, pp.1662~ (2019)
93. Ramakrishna, C., "Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A induces IL-10secreting B and T cells that prevent viral encephalitis", Nat. Commun, 10, pp.2153~ (2019)
94. Ochoa-Reparaz, J., "A polysaccharide from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects against CNS demyelinating disease", Mucosal Immunol, 3, pp.487~495 (2010)
95. Lee, K., "Bacillus-derived poly-gamma-glutamic acid reciprocally regulates the differentiation of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", Clin. Exp. Immunol, 170, pp.66~76 (2012)
96. Felts, P. A., "Inflammation and primary demyelination induced by the intraspinal injection of lipopolysaccharide", Brain, 128, pp.1649~1666 (2005)
97. Minagar, A., "Blood-brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis", Mult. Scler, 9, pp.540~549 (2003)
98. Dopkins, N., "The role of gut microbiome and associated metabolome in the regulation of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis and its implications in attenuating chronic inflammation in other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders", Immunology, 154, pp.178~185 (2018)
99. Braniste, V., "The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice", Sci. Transl. Med., 6, pp.263ra158~ (2014)
100. Erny, D., "Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS", Nat. Neurosci, 18, pp.965~977 (2015)
101. Chen, T., "Butyrate suppresses demyelination and enhances remyelination", J. Neuroinflamm, 16, pp.165~ (2019)
102. Mikov, M., "3Alpha, 7alphadihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate as blood-brain barrier permeator", Pol. J. Pharmacol, 56, pp.367~371 (2004)
103. Greenwood, J., "The effect of bile salts on the permeability and ultrastructure of the perfused, energydepleted, rat blood-brain barrier", J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab, 11, pp.644~654 (1991)
104. Haghikia, A., "Dietary fatty acids directly impact central nervous system autoimmunity via the small intestine", Immunity, 44, pp.951~953 (2016)
105. Mizuno, M., "The dual role of short fatty acid chains in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease models", PLoS One, 12, pp.e0173032~ (2017)
106. Schneeman, B. O., "Changes in small intestinal digestive enzyme activity and bile acids with dietary cellulose in rats", J. Nutr., 110, pp.584~590 (1980)
107. Levrat, M. -A., "Effects of soybean fiber on cecal digestion in rats previously adapted to a fiber-free diet", J. Nutr., 121, pp.672~678 (1991)
108. Fischer, F., "Dietary cellulose induces anti-inflammatory immunity and transcriptional programs via maturation of the intestinal microbiota", Gut Microbes, 12, pp.1~17 (2020)
109. Park, J., "Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR–S6K pathway", Mucosal Immunol, 8, pp.80~93 (2015)
110. Cox, M. A., "Short-chain fatty acids act as antiinflammatory mediators by regulating prostaglandin E(2)and cytokines", World J. Gastrol, 15, pp.5549~5557 (2009)
111. Smith, P. M., "The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis", Science, 341, pp.569~573 (2013)
112. Kim, M. H., "Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice", Gastroenterology, 145, pp.396~406 (2013)
113. Macia, L., "Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome", Nat. Commun, 6, pp.6734~ (2015)
114. Quintana, F. J., "Control of T(reg)and T(H)17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor", Nature, 453, pp.65~71 (2008)
115. Quintana, F. J., "An endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand acts on dendritic cells and T cells to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 107, pp.20768~20773 (2010)
116. Rothhammer, V., "Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor", Nat. Med, 22, pp.586~597 (2016)
117. Giacoppo, S., "Protective role of(RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis", CNS Neurosci. Ther, 19, pp.577~584 (2013)
118. Saresella, M., "Alterations in circulating fatty acid are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in multiple sclerosis", Front. Immunol, 11, pp.1390~ (2020)
119. Correale, J., "Progressive multiple sclerosis : from pathogenic mechanisms to treatment", Brain, 140, pp.527~546 (2017)
120. Branton, W. G., "Brain microbiota disruption within inflammatory demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis", Sci. Rep, 6, pp.37344~ (2016)
121. Miyake, S., "Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of patients with multiple sclerosis, with a striking depletion of species belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0137429~ (2015)
122. Zeng, Q., "Gut dysbiosis and lack of short chain fatty acids in a Chinese cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis", Neurochem. Int, 129, pp.104468~ (2019)
123. Schrijver, I. A., "Bacterial peptidoglycan and immune reactivity in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis", Brain, 124, pp.1544~1554 (2001)
124. Campbell, D. J., "Intestinal attraction : CCL25 functions in effector lymphocyte recruitment to the small intestine", J. Clin. Invest, 110, pp.1079~1081 (2002)
125. Kang, S. G., "High and low vitamin A therapies induce distinct FoxP3+ T-cell subsets and effectively control intestinal inflammation", Gastroenterology, 137, pp.1391~1402 (2009)
126. Liu, C., "Coordination between CCR7-and CCR9-mediated chemokine signals in prevascular fetal thymus colonization", Blood, 108, pp.2531~2539 (2006)
127. Uehara, S., "Characterization of CCR9expression and CCL25", thymus-expressed chemokine responsiveness during T cell development : CD3(high)CD69+ thymocytes and gammadeltaTCR+ thymocytes preferentially respond to CCL25, 2002, pp.168, 134~142
128. Wang, C., "The roles of CCR6 in migration of Th17 cells and regulation of effector T-cell balance in the gut", Mucosal Immunol, 2, pp.173~183 (2009)
129. Kadowaki, A., "Gut microbiotadependent CCR9+CD4+ T cells are altered in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis", Brain, 142, pp.916~931 (2019)
130. Miller, P. G., "TNFR2deficiency acts in concert with gut microbiota to precipitate spontaneous sexbiased central nervous system demyelinating autoimmune disease", J. Immunol, 195, pp.4668~4684 (2015)
131. Saresella, M., "Immunological and clinical effect of diet modulation of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis patients : a pilot study", Front. Immunol, 8, pp.1391~ (2017)
132. Takewaki, D., "Alterations of the gut ecological and functional microenvironment in different stages of multiple sclerosis", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 117, pp.22402~22412 (2020)
133. Chen, J., "Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls", Sci. Rep, 6, pp.28484~ (2016)
134. Duscha, A., "Propionic acid shapes the multiple sclerosis disease course by an immunomodulatory mechanism", Cell, 180, pp.1067~1080 (2020)
135. Perez-Perez, S., "Acetate correlates with disability and immune response in multiple sclerosis", PeerJ, 8, pp.e10220~ (2020)
136. Moussallieh, F. M., "Serum analysis by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy : a new tool for distinguishing neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis", Mult. Scler, 20, pp.558~565 (2014)
137. Crabtree, B., "Evidence that the production of acetate in rat hepatocytes is a predominantly cytoplasmic process", Biochem. J, 257, pp.673~678 (1989)
138. Hyyppä, M. T., "Effects of L-tryptophan treatment on central indoleamine metabolism and short-lasting neurologic disturbances in multiple sclerosis", J. Neural Transm, 37, pp.297~304 (1975)
139. Hyyppä, M. T., "l-Tryptophan and neuroendocrine regulation in neurologic patients: Hormone responses to l-tryptophan loading in patients with hypothalamic lesions", Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2, pp.349~357 (1977)
140. Gaetani, L., "Host and microbial tryptophan metabolic profiling in multiple sclerosis", Front. Immunol, 11, pp.157~ (2020)
141. Lim, C. K., "Kynurenine pathway metabolomics predicts and provides mechanistic insight into multiple sclerosis progression", Sci. Rep, 7, pp.41473~ (2017)
142. Nourbakhsh, B., "Altered tryptophan metabolism is associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis risk and course", Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol, 5, pp.1211~1221 (2018)
143. Bhargava, P., "Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation", J. Clin. Invest, 130, pp.3467~3482 (2020)
144. Lieben, C. K., "Intake of tryptophan-enriched whey protein acutely enhances recall of positive loaded words in patients with multiple sclerosis", Clin. Nutr, 37, pp.321~328 (2018)
145. Gorman, M. P., "Increased relapse rate in pediatric-onset compared with adult-onset multiple sclerosis", Arch. Neurol., 66, pp.54~59 (2009)
146. Tremlett, H., "The gut microbiota and pediatric multiple sclerosis : recent findings", Neurotherapeutics, 15, pp.102~108 (2018)
147. Heath-Pagliuso, S., "Activation of the Ah receptor by tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites", Biochemistry, 37, pp.11508~11515 (1998)
148. Opitz, C. A., "An endogenous tumour-promoting ligand of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor", Nature, 478, pp.197~203 (2011)
149. Wang, J., "Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35", J. Biol. Chem, 281, pp.22021~22028 (2006)
150. Rothhammer, V., "Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites", Nature, 557, pp.724~728 (2018)
151. Maetzler, W., "Parkinson disease in 2017 : changing views after 200years of Parkinson disease", Nat. Rev. Neurol, 14, pp.70~72 (2018)
152. Singh, M., "Polymorphism in environment responsive genes and association with Parkinson disease", Mol. Cell. Biochem, 312, pp.131~138 (2008)
153. Spillantini, M. G., "Alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies", Nature, 388, pp.839~840 (1997)
154. Winner, B., "In vivo demonstration that alpha-synuclein oligomers are toxic", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 108, pp.4194~4199 (2011)
155. Kustrimovic, N., "Parkinson’s disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias : cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1", Th2, J. Neuroinflamm, pp.2018, 15[DOI]
156. Chen, S., "Increased abundance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of newly-diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients", Neurosci. Lett, 648, pp.21~25 (2017)
157. Hernandez, D. G., "Genetics in Parkinson disease:Mendelian versus non-Mendelian inheritance", J. Neurochem., 139(Suppl 1), pp.59~74 (2016)
158. Fujioka, S., "Occurrence of Crohn’s disease with Parkinson’s disease", Parkinsonism Relat. Disord, 37, pp.116~117 (2017)
159. Franke, A., "Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn’s disease susceptibility loci", Nat. Genet, 42, pp.1118~1125 (2010)
160. Unger, M. M., "Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and age-matched controls", Parkinsonism Relat. Disord, 32, pp.66~72 (2016)
161. Keshavarzian, A., "Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson’s disease", Mov. Disord, 30, pp.1351~1360 (2015)
162. Perez-Pardo, P., "Role of TLR4 in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease : a translational study from men to mice", Gut, 68, pp.829~843 (2019)
163. Hou, Y. F., "Gut microbiota-derived propionate mediates the neuroprotective effect of osteocalcin in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease", Microbiome, 9, pp.34~ (2021)
164. Bordoni, L., "Positive effect of an electrolyzed reduced water on gut permeability, fecal microbiota and liver in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease", PLoS One, 14, pp.e0223238~ (2019)
165. Li, P., "Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with elevated bile acids in Parkinson’s Disease", Metabolites, 11, pp.29~ (2021)
166. Shao, Y., "Comprehensive metabolic profiling of Parkinson’s disease by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", Mol. Neurodegener, 16, pp.4~ (2021)
167. Cirstea, M. S., "Microbiota composition and metabolism are associated with gut function in Parkinson’s Disease", Mov. Disord, 35, pp.1208~1217 (2020)
168. Funayama, M., "An LRRK2 mutation as a cause for the parkinsonism in the original PARK8 family", Ann. Neurol, 57, pp.918~921 (2005)
169. Park, J., "Parkinson disease-associated LRRK2 G2019S transgene disrupts marrow myelopoiesis and peripheral Th17 response", J. Leukoc. Biol, 102, pp.1093~1102 (2017)
170. Ekstrand, M. I., "Progressive parkinsonism in mice with respiratory-chaindeficient dopamine neurons", Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A, 104, pp.1325~1330 (2007)
171. Liu, J., "Sodium butyrate exerts protective effect against Parkinson’s disease in mice via stimulation of glucagon like peptide-1", J. Neurol. Sci, 381, pp.176~181 (2017)
172. Johnson, J. Jr, "Valproate and sodium butyrate attenuate manganesedecreased locomotor activity and astrocytic glutamate transporters expression in mice", Neurotoxicology, 64, pp.230~239 (2018)
173. Kidd, S. K., "Protective effects of valproic acid on the nigrostriatal dopamine system in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease", Neuroscience, 194, pp.189~194 (2011)
174. Aho, V. T. E., "Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease", Mol. Neurodegener, 16, pp.6~ (2021)
175. Qiao, C. M., "Sodium butyrate exacerbates Parkinson’s disease by aggravating neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation in MPTP-Induced Mice Model", Neurochem. Res, 45, pp.2128~2142 (2020)
176. Park, J., "Chronically elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids induce T cell-mediated ureteritis and hydronephrosis", J. Immunol, 196, pp.2388~2400 (2016)
177. Graham, S. F., "Metabolomic profiling of bile acids in an experimental model of prodromal Parkinson’s Disease", Metabolites, 8, pp.71~ (2018)
178. Cuevas, E., "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease", Nutr. Neurosci., pp.1~18 (2020)
179. Castro-Caldas, M., "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease", Mol. Neurobiol, 46, pp.475~486 (2012)
180. Duan, W. M., "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves the survival and function of nigral transplants in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease", Cell Transpl, 11, pp.195~205 (2002)
181. Rosa, A. I., "Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves motor symptoms in a mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease", Mol. Neurobiol, 55, pp.9139~9155 (2018)
182. Moreira, S., "Nrf2 activation by tauroursodeoxycholic acid in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease", Exp. Neurol, 295, pp.77~87 (2017)
183. Mortiboys, H., "UDCA exerts beneficial effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in LRRK2(G2019S)carriers and in vivo", Neurology, 85, pp.846~852 (2015)
184. Tiwari, S., "Alzheimer’s disease : pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics", Int. J. Nanomed, 14, pp.5541~5554 (2019)
185. Fujii, Y., "Fecal metabolite of a gnotobiotic mouse transplanted with gut microbiota from a patient with Alzheimer’s disease", Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 83, pp.2144~2152 (2019)
186. Nagpal, R., "Gut mycobiome and its interaction with diet, gut bacteria and alzheimer’s disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment : a pilot study", EBioMedicine, 59, pp.102950~ (2020)
187. Marizzoni, M., "Short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide as mediators between gut dysbiosis and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease", J. Alzheimers Dis, 78, pp.683~697 (2020)
188. Ho, L., "Protective roles of intestinal microbiota derived short chain fatty acids in Alzheimer’s disease-type beta-amyloid neuropathological mechanisms", Expert. Rev. Neurother, 18, pp.83~90 (2018)
189. Liu, S., "Gut microbiota and dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease : implications for pathogenesis and treatment", Mol. Neurobiol, 57, pp.5026~5043 (2020)
190. Luchsinger, J. A., "Caloric intake and the risk of Alzheimer Disease", Arch. Neurol., 59, pp.1258~1263 (2002)
191. Engelhart, M. J., "Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease", JAMA, 287, pp.3223~3229 (2002)
192. Spychala, M. S., "Age-related changes in the gut microbiota influence systemic inflammation and stroke outcome", Ann. Neurol, 84, pp.23~36 (2018)
193. Govindarajan, N., "Sodium butyrate improves memory function in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model when administered at an advanced stage of disease progression", J. Alzheimers Dis., 26, pp.187~197 (2011)
194. Martins, I. J., "High fibre diets and Alzheimer’s Disease", Food Nutr. Sci., 05, pp.410~424 (2014)
195. Sun, J., "Effect of Clostridium butyricum against microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease via regulating gut microbiota and metabolites Butyrate", Mol. Nutr. Food Res, 64, pp.e1900636~ (2020)
196. Da Silva, S. V., "Early synaptic deficits in the APP", PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease involve neuronal adenosine A 2A receptors, 2016, pp.7, 1~11
197. Spires, T. L., "Transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease : learning from animals", NeuroRx, 2, pp.423~437 (2005)
198. Trinchese, F., "Progressive age-related development of Alzheimer-like pathology in APP", PS1 mice, 2004, pp.55, 801~814
199. Colombo, A. V., "Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote Aβ plaque deposition", eLife, 10, pp.e59826~ (2021)
200. Sun, J., "Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP", PS1 transgenic mice, 2019, pp.9, 189~
201. Widner, B., "Tryptophan degradation and immune activation in Alzheimer’s disease", J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 107, pp.343~353 (2000)
202. MahmoudianDehkordi, S., "Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease-An emerging role for gut microbiome", Alzheimers Dement, 15, pp.76~92 (2019)
203. Baloni, P., "Metabolic network analysis reveals altered bile acid synthesis and metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease", Cell Rep. Med, 1, pp.100138~ (2020)
204. Lord, C., "Autism spectrum disorder", Lancet, 392, pp.508~520 (2018)
205. Bölte, S., "The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder", Cell. Mol. Life Sci, 76, pp.1275~1297 (2019)
206. Choi, G. B., "The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autismlike phenotypes in offspring", Science, 351, pp.933~939 (2016)
207. Chaidez, V., "Gastrointestinal problems in children with autism, developmental delays or typical development", J. Autism Dev. Disord., 44, pp.1117~1127 (2014)
208. Madra, M., "Gastrointestinal issues and autism spectrum disorder", Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. N. Am, 29, pp.501~513 (2020)
209. De Angelis, M., "Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified", PLoS One, 8, pp.e76993~ (2013)
210. Kim, S., "Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring", Nature, 549, pp.528~532 (2017)
211. Adams, J. B., "Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism – comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity", BMC Gastroenterol, 11, pp.22~ (2011)
212. Liu, S., "Altered gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder", Sci. Rep, 9, pp.1~9 (2019)
213. Choi, J., "Pathophysiological and neurobehavioral characteristics of a propionic acid-mediated autism-like rat model", PLoS One, 13, pp.e0192925~ (2018)
214. Abdelli, L. S., "Propionic acid induces gliosis and neuroinflammation through modulation of PTEN", AKT pathway in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2019, pp.9, 8824~
215. Kratsman, N., "Sodium butyrate attenuates social behavior deficits and modifies the transcription of inhibitory", excitatory genes in the frontal cortex of an autism model, 2016, pp.102, 136~145
216. Hammer, A., "Impact of combined sodium chloride and saturated longchain fatty acid challenge on the differentiation of T helper cells in neuroinflammation", J. Neuroinflamm, 14, pp.184~ (2017)
217. Platten, M., "Treatment of autoimmune neuroinflammation with a synthetic tryptophan metabolite", Science, 310, pp.850~855 (2005)
218. Sun, M. F., "Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice : Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4", TNF-alpha signaling pathway, 2018, pp.70, 48~60
219. Shin, C., "Plasma short-chain fatty acids in patients With Parkinson’s Disease", Mov. Disord, 35, pp.1021~1027 (2020)
220. Chen, S. J., "The gut metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with Parkinson’s Disease severity and progression", Mov. Disord, 35, pp.2115~2116 (2020)
221. Coretti, L., "Gut microbiota features in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders", Front. Microbiol, 9, pp.3146~ (2018)
222. Wang, L., "Elevated fecal short chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder", Dig. Dis. Sci, 57, pp.2096~2102 (2012)

관련 논문AI추천