어린이용품 함유 유해인자의 위해성평가를 위한 노출계수 조사
Survey of Exposure Factors for Risk Assessment of Hazardous Materials in Child-Specific Products
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조회
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다운로드
6
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참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Despite children’s unique characteristics that distinguish them from adults, relatively few attemptshave been made to measure exposure factors for characterization of children’s exposure to hazardous chemicalsin child-specific products (CSP). This study was conducted to establish the child-specific exposure factors forexposure and risk assessment of hazardous substances in CSP. Methods: We investigated the exposure factors (e.g., time use of child-products, time and frequency of objectto-body contact, time and frequency of object-to-mouth contact) influencing children’s exposure to CSP (e.g.,toys, playmats, oil pastels, etc.) in 650 children through a parent-completed questionnaire using a web-basedsurvey. Participants were recruited in five age groups, <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-6, and 6-12 years of age. Results: The child-specific exposure factors were presented as the mean, median, 95th percentile, minimum, andmaximum values. Time activity for play mats was the longest among CSP and infants spent more time on themthan did elder age groups (189.3-224.7 min/day for <1-2 years vs. 91.2 min/day for 6-12 years). It is apparentthat time and frequency of toy block- and plastic toy-to-mouth contact significantly decreased as a function ofage. When the variation of CSP use patterns was compared by gender, the only variable that was statisticallydifferent between genders was time activity in child-products exposure space. Conclusion: We believe the five child-specific exposure factors suggested in the present study will be valuablefor reducing uncertainty in the estimation of chemical exposure during risk assessment of CSP and furthermore,in the appropriate regulations to protect children’s health.
Abstract
Background: Despite children’s unique characteristics that distinguish them from adults, relatively few attemptshave been made to measure exposure factors for characterization of children’s exposure to hazardous chemicalsin child-specific products (CSP). This study was conducted to establish the child-specific exposure factors forexposure and risk assessment of hazardous substances in CSP. Methods: We investigated the exposure factors (e.g., time use of child-products, time and frequency of objectto-body contact, time and frequency of object-to-mouth contact) influencing children’s exposure to CSP (e.g.,toys, playmats, oil pastels, etc.) in 650 children through a parent-completed questionnaire using a web-basedsurvey. Participants were recruited in five age groups, <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-6, and 6-12 years of age. Results: The child-specific exposure factors were presented as the mean, median, 95th percentile, minimum, andmaximum values. Time activity for play mats was the longest among CSP and infants spent more time on themthan did elder age groups (189.3-224.7 min/day for <1-2 years vs. 91.2 min/day for 6-12 years). It is apparentthat time and frequency of toy block- and plastic toy-to-mouth contact significantly decreased as a function ofage. When the variation of CSP use patterns was compared by gender, the only variable that was statisticallydifferent between genders was time activity in child-products exposure space. Conclusion: We believe the five child-specific exposure factors suggested in the present study will be valuablefor reducing uncertainty in the estimation of chemical exposure during risk assessment of CSP and furthermore,in the appropriate regulations to protect children’s health.
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