Reduction of Particulate Matters Levels in Railway Cabins in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: High concentrations of airborne particulate matters (PM) can affect the health of passengers using public transportation. The objectives of this research were to develop a PM control system for a railway cabin and to evaluate the performance of the device under conditions of an actual journey. Methods: This study measured the concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) simultaneously in a reference cabin and a cabin with the PM control device. Results: The average PM_(10) concentration in the reference cabin was 100 μg/m^3, and the PM10 concentration in the cabin with the control device was 79 μg/m^3. While the overall control efficiency of the control device was 15.4%, reduction was more effective for peak PM_(10) concentration. However, PM_(2.5) levels did not differ greatly between the reference cabin and the cabin with the control device. The ratio of PM_(2.5) to PM_(10) was 0.37. PM_(10)concentrations in cabins were not associated with ambient concentrations, indicating that the main sources of PM_(10) were present in cabins. Additionally, average CO_2 concentration in the cabins was 1,359 ppm, less than the maximum of 2,000 ppm set out by the Korean Ministry of Environment’s guideline. The CO_2 concentration in cabins was significantly associated with the number of passengers: the in-cabin concentration = 23.4 × N + 460.2,where N is the number of passengers. Conclusions: Application of the PM control device can improve PM10 concentration, especially at peak levels but not PM_(2.5) concentration.
Abstract
Objectives: High concentrations of airborne particulate matters (PM) can affect the health of passengers using public transportation. The objectives of this research were to develop a PM control system for a railway cabin and to evaluate the performance of the device under conditions of an actual journey. Methods: This study measured the concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) simultaneously in a reference cabin and a cabin with the PM control device. Results: The average PM_(10) concentration in the reference cabin was 100 μg/m^3, and the PM10 concentration in the cabin with the control device was 79 μg/m^3. While the overall control efficiency of the control device was 15.4%, reduction was more effective for peak PM_(10) concentration. However, PM_(2.5) levels did not differ greatly between the reference cabin and the cabin with the control device. The ratio of PM_(2.5) to PM_(10) was 0.37. PM_(10)concentrations in cabins were not associated with ambient concentrations, indicating that the main sources of PM_(10) were present in cabins. Additionally, average CO_2 concentration in the cabins was 1,359 ppm, less than the maximum of 2,000 ppm set out by the Korean Ministry of Environment’s guideline. The CO_2 concentration in cabins was significantly associated with the number of passengers: the in-cabin concentration = 23.4 × N + 460.2,where N is the number of passengers. Conclusions: Application of the PM control device can improve PM10 concentration, especially at peak levels but not PM_(2.5) concentration.
참고문헌 (17)
- Klepeis NE, "The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants", J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 11(3), pp.231~252 (2001)
- Yang W, "Determinants of indoor activity pattern in Korean population", J Exp Sci Environ Epidemiol, 21, pp.310~316 (2011)
- Ministry of Land TaMA., "2007 Statistical Yearbook", ~ (2008)
- Marshall JD, "Intake fraction of primary pollutants: motor vehicle emissions in the South Coast Air Basin", Atmos Environ, 37(24), pp.3455~3468 (2003)
- Lee K, "In-vehicle exposures to particulate matter and black carbon", J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 60, pp.130~136 (2010)
- Praml G, "Dust exposure in Munich public transportation: a comprehensive 4-year survey in buses and trams", Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 73(3), pp.209~214 (2000)
- Michaels RA, "Incidence and apparent health significance of brief airborne particle excursions", Aerosol Sci Technol, 32(2), pp.93~105 (2000)
- Behrentz E, "Relative importance of school bus-related microenvironments to children's pollutant exposure", J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 55(10), pp.1418~1430 (2005)
- Chan LY, "Commuter exposure to particulate matter in public transportation modes in Hong Kong", Atmos Environ, 36(21), pp.3363~3373 (2002)
- Adams HS, "Determinants of fine particle (PM2.5) personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments", London, UK. Atmos Environ, 35(27), pp.4557~4566 (2001)
- Riediker M, "Exposure to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and other air pollutants inside patrol cars", Environ Sci Technol, 37(10), pp.2084~2093 (2003)
- Park DU, "Characteristics of PM10, PM2.5, CO2 and CO monitored in interiors and platforms of subway train in Seoul, Korea", Environ Int, 34(5), pp.629~634 (2008)
- Leutwyler M, "Suspended particulate matter in railway coaches", Atmos Environ, 36(1), pp.1~7 (2002)
- Abadie M, "Particle pollution in the French high-speed train (TGV) smoker cars: measurement and prediction of passengers exposure", Atmos Environ, 38(14), pp.2017~2027 (2004)
- Kam W, "Particulate matter (PM) concentrations in underground and ground-level rail systems of the Los Angeles Metro", Atmos Environ, 45(8), pp.1506~1516 (2011)
- Li TT, "Air quality in passenger cars of the ground railway transit system in Beijing, China", Sci Total Environ, 367(1), pp.89~95 (2006)
- 권순박, "출입문 개폐에 의한 전동차 객실 CO₂저감효과 분석111111", 한국대기환경학회지, 24(2), pp.153~161 (2008), 한국대기환경학회