납과 비소에 대한 환경매체별 생태위해성평가
Ecological Risk Assessment of Lead and Arsenic by Environmental Media
2
조회
0
다운로드
10
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: This study intends to evaluate the ecological risk of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and their compounds according to the 2010 action plan on inventory and management for national priority chemicals and provide calculations of risks to the environment. By doing so, we aim to inform risk management measures for the target chemicals. Methods: We conducted species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis using the collected ecotoxicity data and obtained predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for the in-water environment using a hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) protective of most species (95%) in the environment. Based on the calculated PNECs for aquatic organisms, PNEC values for soil and sediment were calculated using the partition coefficient. We also calculated predicted exposure concentration (PEC) from nation-wide environmental monitoring data and then the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated using PNEC for environmental media. Results: Ecological toxicity data was categorized into five groups and five species for Pb and four groups and four species for As. Based on the HC5 values from SSD analysis, the PNEC value for aquatic organisms was calculated as 0.40 µg/L for Pb and 0.13 µg/L for As. PNEC values for soil and sediment calculated using a partition coefficient were 77.36 and 350.50 mg/kg for Pb and 24.20 and 112.75 mg/kg for As. The analysis of national environmental monitoring data showed that PEC values in water were 0.284 µg/L for Pb and 0.024 µg/L for As, while those in soil and sediment were respectively 45.9 and 44 mg/kg for Pb, and 11.40 and 19.80 mg/kg for As. Conclusions: HQs of Pb and As were 0.70 and 0.18 in water, while those in soil and sediment were 0.59 and 0.13 for Pb and 0.47 and 0.18 for As. With HQs <1 of lead and arsenic in the environment, their ecological risk levels are found to be low.
Abstract
Objectives: This study intends to evaluate the ecological risk of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and their compounds according to the 2010 action plan on inventory and management for national priority chemicals and provide calculations of risks to the environment. By doing so, we aim to inform risk management measures for the target chemicals. Methods: We conducted species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis using the collected ecotoxicity data and obtained predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for the in-water environment using a hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) protective of most species (95%) in the environment. Based on the calculated PNECs for aquatic organisms, PNEC values for soil and sediment were calculated using the partition coefficient. We also calculated predicted exposure concentration (PEC) from nation-wide environmental monitoring data and then the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated using PNEC for environmental media. Results: Ecological toxicity data was categorized into five groups and five species for Pb and four groups and four species for As. Based on the HC5 values from SSD analysis, the PNEC value for aquatic organisms was calculated as 0.40 µg/L for Pb and 0.13 µg/L for As. PNEC values for soil and sediment calculated using a partition coefficient were 77.36 and 350.50 mg/kg for Pb and 24.20 and 112.75 mg/kg for As. The analysis of national environmental monitoring data showed that PEC values in water were 0.284 µg/L for Pb and 0.024 µg/L for As, while those in soil and sediment were respectively 45.9 and 44 mg/kg for Pb, and 11.40 and 19.80 mg/kg for As. Conclusions: HQs of Pb and As were 0.70 and 0.18 in water, while those in soil and sediment were 0.59 and 0.13 for Pb and 0.47 and 0.18 for As. With HQs <1 of lead and arsenic in the environment, their ecological risk levels are found to be low.
참고문헌 (42)
- 공인철, "다양한 생물 검정법에 근거한 비소의 위해성 평가 비교", 대한환경공학회지, 32(8), pp.795~801 (2010), 대한환경공학회
- 박정임, "국제기구의 환경보건 분야 동향", 한국환경보건학회지, 39(4), pp.299~311 (2013), 한국환경보건학회[DOI]
- 이병우, "환경매체별 카드뮴의 생태위해성평가", 한국환경보건학회지, 44(6), pp.548~555 (2018), 한국환경보건학회
- Shon JG, "The Risk Assessment of Hazard Chemicals in Environment", J Korean Soc Environ Eng, 29(5), pp.477~488 (2007)
- "Lead and Compounds (Inorganic) (CASRN7439-92-1)" (2015)[URL]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Inorganic and Organic Lead Compounds", pp.87~ (2006)
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), "Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume: Human health evaluation manual (Part A)", ~ (2004)
- 정재웅, "다양한 위해성평가 방법에 따라 도출한 토양오염 판정기준의 차이에 관한 연구(III): 우리나라 납 오염 위해성평가 방법 제안", 지하수토양환경, 20(6), pp.1~7 (2015), 한국지하수토양환경학회
- 심기태, "환경 중 비소의 매체통합 노출평가 및 위해성평가 연구", 환경영향평가, 28(2), pp.152~168 (2019), 한국환경영향평가학회
- "National Chemical Information System (NCIS)"[URL]
- "ECOTOXknowledgebase"[URL]
- 이우미, "토양생태계 위해성평가기법 비교연구: 토양생태준거치 산정을 중심으로", 지하수토양환경, 17(5), pp.1~9 (2012), 한국지하수토양환경학회
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "Risk Assessment Guidebook", 1~387 (2011)
- European Commission, "Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment. Commission Directive93", 67, 94 on Risk Assessment for existing substance. Directive 98, pp.8, EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Part II
- "Water Environment Information System"[URL]
- "Water Environment Information System"[URL]
- "Water Environment Information System"[URL]
- "Water Environment Information System"[URL]
- "Water Environment Information System"[URL]
- Butler R, "Effect of Heavy Metals Found in Flue Gas on Growth and Lipid Accumulation for Green Algae Scenedesmus obliquus", Master, pp.2011
- Rice TM, "Exposure to lead induced to hypoxia-like responses in bullfrog larvae(Rana catesbeiana)", Environ Toxicol Chem, 18, pp.2283~2288 (1999)
- Kay SH, "Effects of heavy metals on water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes", Aquat Toxicol, 5, pp.117~128 (1984)
- Besser JM, "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Lead in Water and Diet to the Amphipod Hyalella azteca", Environ Toxicol Chem, 24(7), pp.1807~1815 (2005)
- Erickson RJ, "Effects of Copper, Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic in a Live Diet on Juvenile Fish Growth", Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 67, pp.1816~1826 (2010)
- Chen F, "Toxicities of four arsenic species to Scenedesmus obliguus and influence of phosphate on inorganic arsenic toxicities", J Toxicol Environ Chem, 41, pp.1~7 (1994)
- Pawlik-Skowronska B, "Arsenic Availability, Toxicity and Direct Role of GSH and Phytochelatins in As Detoxification in the Green Alga Stichococcus bacillaris", Aquat Toxicol, 70(3), pp.201~212 (2004)
- Klusek CS, "Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues", pp.59~95 (1993)
- Jenner HA, "Duckweed Lemna minor as a tool for testing toxicity of coal residues and polluted sediments", Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 25(1), pp.3~11 (1993)
- DeFoe DL, "Arsenic (V) Test Results Memorandom ORL Spehar", US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, ~ (1982)
- Cockell, "Hepatobiliary and Hematological Effects of Dietary Disodium Arsenate Heptahydrate in Juvenile Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)", Comp Biochem Physiol, Part C, 103(3), pp.453~458 (1992)
- Morris HP, "The growth and reproduction of rats fed diets containing lead acetate and arsenic trioxide and the lead and arsenic content of newborn and suckling rats", J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 64(4), pp.420~445 (1938)
- European Commission CIRCABC, "Lead Environmental Quality Standards dossier", 1~66 (2011)
- Stanley T, "Main and interactive effects of arsenic and selenium on mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival", Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 26(4), pp.444~451 (1994)
- "Technical support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analyis, Appendix H Fish Bioconcentration Factors" (2000)[URL]
- World Health Organization (WHO), "Environmental health criteria224. Arsenic and Arsenic compounds. Second edition", 1~114 (2001)
- Risk Assement of Chemical on the National Priority List, "National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER)", 1~80 (2013)
- "Ministry of Environment"[URL]
- 김신웅, "토양생태 위해성평가를 위한 국내 서식 토양독성 시험종 선별 연구", 대한환경공학회지, 36(5), pp.359~366 (2014), 대한환경공학회[DOI]
- 안윤주, "토양준거치 도출을 위한 국내형 생태위해성평가기법 제안", 지하수토양환경, 15(3), pp.7~14 (2010), 한국지하수토양환경학회
- Multi-media and multi-pathway aggregate risk assessment (IV)-Lead (Pb)-, "National Institute of Environmental Research", 1~183 (2014)
- Multi-media and multi-pathway aggregate risk assessment (IV)-Arsenic (As)-, "National Institute of Environmental Research", ~ (2014)
- Philippe C, "Estimating Hazardous concentrations by an informative bayesian approach", Environ Toxicol Chem, 32(3), pp.602~611 (2013)