Radiological and Geochemical Assessment of Different Rock Types from Ogun State in Southwestern Nigeria
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: This paper deals with the study of natural radioactivity in rocks from Ogun State in Southwestern Nigeria. The aim is to determine radiation emissions from rocks in order to estimate radiation hazard indices. Objectives: The following objectives were targeted: 1. To determine radiation emissions from each type of rocks; 2. To estimate radiation hazard indices based on the rocks; 3. To correlate the activity concentrations of radionuclides with major oxides. Methods: The samples were analyzed using a NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometric detector and PerkinElmer AAnalyst 400 AAS spectrometer. Results: The activity of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th were found in order of decreasing magnitude from pegmatite>granite>migmatite. In contrast, lower concentrations were found in shale, phosphate, clay stone, sandstone and limestone. The mean absorbed doses were 125±23 nGyh–1 (migmatite), 74±13 nGy/h (granite), 72±13 nGyh–1 (pegmatite), 64±09 nGyh–1 (quartzite), 45±16 nGyh–1 (sha le), 41±0 9 nGy h–1 ( l i me stone), 41±11 nGyh–1 (clay stone), 24±03 nGyh–1 (phosphate), and 21±10 nGyh–1 (sandstone). The outdoor effective dose rates in all rock samples were slightly higher than the world average dose value of 0.34 mSvy–1. The percentage composition of SiO2 in the rock samples was above 50 wt% except for in the limestone, shale and phosphate. Al2O3 ranged from 4.10~21.24 wt%, Fe2O3 from 0.39~7.5 wt%, and CaO from 0.09-46.6 wt%. In addition, Na2O and K2O were present in at least 5 wt%. Other major oxides, including TiO2, P2O5, K2O, MnO, MgO and Na2O were depleted. Conclusions: The findings suggest that Ogun State may be described as a region with elevated background radiation. It is recommended that houses should be constructed with good cross ventilation and residences should use home radiation monitoring instruments to monitor radon emanating from walls.
Abstract
Background: This paper deals with the study of natural radioactivity in rocks from Ogun State in Southwestern Nigeria. The aim is to determine radiation emissions from rocks in order to estimate radiation hazard indices. Objectives: The following objectives were targeted: 1. To determine radiation emissions from each type of rocks; 2. To estimate radiation hazard indices based on the rocks; 3. To correlate the activity concentrations of radionuclides with major oxides. Methods: The samples were analyzed using a NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometric detector and PerkinElmer AAnalyst 400 AAS spectrometer. Results: The activity of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th were found in order of decreasing magnitude from pegmatite>granite>migmatite. In contrast, lower concentrations were found in shale, phosphate, clay stone, sandstone and limestone. The mean absorbed doses were 125±23 nGyh–1 (migmatite), 74±13 nGy/h (granite), 72±13 nGyh–1 (pegmatite), 64±09 nGyh–1 (quartzite), 45±16 nGyh–1 (sha le), 41±0 9 nGy h–1 ( l i me stone), 41±11 nGyh–1 (clay stone), 24±03 nGyh–1 (phosphate), and 21±10 nGyh–1 (sandstone). The outdoor effective dose rates in all rock samples were slightly higher than the world average dose value of 0.34 mSvy–1. The percentage composition of SiO2 in the rock samples was above 50 wt% except for in the limestone, shale and phosphate. Al2O3 ranged from 4.10~21.24 wt%, Fe2O3 from 0.39~7.5 wt%, and CaO from 0.09-46.6 wt%. In addition, Na2O and K2O were present in at least 5 wt%. Other major oxides, including TiO2, P2O5, K2O, MnO, MgO and Na2O were depleted. Conclusions: The findings suggest that Ogun State may be described as a region with elevated background radiation. It is recommended that houses should be constructed with good cross ventilation and residences should use home radiation monitoring instruments to monitor radon emanating from walls.
참고문헌 (31)
- Malczewski D, "Natural radioactivity of rocks from the historic Jeroným Mine in the Czech Republic", Environ Earth Sci, 80(18), pp.650~ (2021)
- Jibiri NN, "Radiological assessment and geochemical characterization of the sediments of Awba Dam, University of Ibadan, Nigeria", Radiat Prot Environ, 39(4), pp.222~232 (2016)
- Okedeyi AS, "Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides in rocks and soils of Saunder quarry site, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria", J Appl Sci, 12(20), pp.2178~2181 (2012)
- Usikalu MR, "Assessment of radiological parameters of soil in Kogi State, Nigeria", Environ Forensics, 18(1), pp.1~14 (2017)
- Alausa SK., "Radioactivity in farm soils and food crops grown in Jos and Abeokuta, Nigeria and its associated cancer risks", pp.2012
- Rahaman MA., "Geology of Nigeria", pp.41~58 (1989), Rock View (Nigeria) Ltd
- Solomon AO, "Natural background radiation characteristics of basalts on the Jos Plateau and the radiological implication of the use of the rock for house construction", Afr J Nat Sci, 5(2), pp.345~351 (2002)
- Kitto ME, "Long-term monitoring of radioactivity in surface air and deposition in New York State", Health Phys, 90(1), pp.31~37 (2006)
- Alausa SK, "Radiological health impact due to activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the soils from two major areas in Ijebu-North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria", Nucleus, 50(4), pp.293~299 (2013)
- Odongo WOG, "Determination of activity concentration of natural radionuclides and radiation hazards’ assessment of building materials in high background radiation areas of Homa and Ruri, Kenya", Scientific World Journal, 2021, pp.9978619~ (2021)
- Report to the General Assembly A, "55", 46, United Nations, pp.2000, ~
- Alnour IA, "Natural radioactivity measurements in the granite rock of quarry sites, Johor, Malaysia", Radiat Phys Chem, 81(12), pp.1842~1847 (2012)
- Prasad NG, "Concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soils of Bangalore region, India", Health Phys, 94(3), pp.264~271 (2008)
- Xinwei L, "Specific activity and hazards of Archeozoic-Cambrian rock samples collected from the Weibei area of Shaanxi, China", Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 118(3), pp.352~359 (2006)
- Alausa SK, "Natural radioactivity in farm soils and major food crops grown in Ayetoro, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria", Int J Low Radiat, 10(4), pp.285~303 (2017)
- Papadopoulos A, "Radioactivity of granitic rocks from Northern Greece", Bull Geol Soc Greece, 43(5), pp.2680~2691 (2010)
- Al-Hamzawi AA, "Natural radioactivity measurements in vegetables at Al-Diwaniyah governorate, Iraq and evaluation of radiological hazard", J Al-Nahrain Univ Sci, 20(4), pp.51~55 (2017)
- Isinkaye MO, "Natural radioactivity measurements and evaluation of radiological hazards in sediment of Oguta Lake, South East Nigeria", J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 8(3), pp.459~469 (2015)
- Adewoyin OO, "Estimation of activity concentrations of radionuclides and their hazard indices in coastal plain sand region of Ogun state", Sci Rep, 12(1), pp.2108~ (2022)
- Clarke DB, "Granitoid rocks" (1992), Chapman & Hall
- Eke BC, "Evaluation of activity concentration of natural radionuclides and lifetime cancer risk in soil samples at two tertiary institutions in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria", Int J Radiat Res, 20(3), pp.671~678 (2022)
- Ajayi JO, "Assessment of radiological hazard indices of building materials in Ogbomoso, South-West Nigeria", Environ Nat Resour Res, 3(2), pp.128~132 (2013)
- Fasae KP, "Natural radioactivity in locally produced building materials in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria", Civ Environ Res, 3(11), pp.99~112 (2013)
- Alharbi WR, "Elemental analysis and natural radioactivity levels of clay by gamma ray spectrometer and instrumental neutron activation analysis", Sci Technol Nucl Install, 2016, pp.8726260~ (2016)
- "Introduction to types and classification of rocks"[URL]
- Dina NT, "Natural radioactivity and its radiological implications from soils and rocks in Jaintiapur area, North-east Bangladesh", J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 331(11), pp.4457~4468 (2022)
- Prakash MM, "Studies on natural radioactivity in rocks of Coorg district, Karnataka state, India", J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 10(2), pp.128~134 (2017)
- Turhan S, "Measurement of the natural radioactivity in building materials used in Ankara and assessment of external doses", J Radiol Prot, 28(1), pp.83~91 (2008)
- Otwoma D, "Radioactivity and dose assessment of rock and soil samples from Homa Mountain, Homa Bay County, Kenya", Paper presented at: XI Radiation Physics & Protection Conference, pp.107~116 (2012)
- International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP), "1990recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection" (1991), Pergamon Press
- Shiklomanov IA., "Water in crisis: a guide to the world’s fresh water resources", pp.13~24 (1993), Oxford University Press