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소아청소년에서의 잠복결핵감염 진단을 위한 결핵 피부반응검사와 QuantiFERONⓇ -TB Gold In-Tube 검사와의 결과 비교

Comparison of Results between Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiFERONⓇ-TB In-Tube Assay for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents

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목 적:잠복결핵감염(LTBI)을 진단하는 방법은 결핵피부반응검사(TST)와 interferon-γ releasing assay (IGRA)이다. 그런데 TST의 위양성 문제 때문에 TST 대신 IGRA로 대치하려는 경향이 있다. 이에 결핵 접촉자 조사를 시행함에 있어 TST와 QuantiFERONⓇ-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) 검사를 동시에 시행하여 결과를 비교하였다. 방 법: 2007년 2월부터 2008년 5월까지 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원 소아청소년과 외래에 LTBI 여부의 확인을 위해 방문한 소아를 대상으로 TST와 QFT-GIT 검사를 동시에 시행하였다. 연구대상은 감염원이 같은 집에거주하는 경우를 동거 접촉, 아닌 경우를 비동거 접촉으로 구분하였다. 결 과:연구대상은 총 35명으로 폐결핵 노출 후 접촉자 조사 대상이 29명, 폐결핵으로 진단된 경우가 6명이었다. 접촉자 조사 대상에서 동거 접촉군은 18명(62.1%),비동거 접촉군이 11명(37.9%)이었다. 최종 접촉자 조사결과로 TST 양성은 동거 접촉군 38.9% (7/18), 비동거 접촉군 45.5% (5/11)이었고, QFT-GIT 검사 양성은 각각 5.6% (1/18), 9.1%(1/11)로 TST의 양성률이더 높았다. 접촉자 조사에서 두 검사를 모두 시행한 경우는 1차 검사의 26건과 2차 추적검사의 15건을 합하여총 41건으로 두 검사의 일치율(kappa값)은 0.063으로매우 낮았다. 6명의 폐결핵 환자에서 TST는 모두 양성,QFT-GIT 검사는 5명이 양성으로, 이들까지를 포함했을 때의 일치율은 0.334이었다. 결 론:본 연구에서 TST와 QFT-GIT 검사 결과의일치율은 낮았는데, 대부분이 TST 양성인 경우이었다. 두 검사 결과 중 어떤 것이 정확한 것인지 판단할 수 있는 표준 검사법이 없고, 소아청소년에 대한 자료가 충분치않은 상황에서 민감도가 낮은 IGRA에 의한 결과만을 신뢰하여 LTBI 진단에 IGRA만 사용하는 것은 적절치 않다고 사료된다.

Abstract

Purpose: Recently, two tests are commercially available for the identification of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI):tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Due to its false positiveness, TST tends to be preferred by IGRA until now. In our study, we simultaneously performed both TST and QuantiFERONⓇ-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT)and compared their results. Methods: TST and QFT-GIT were done for the diagnosis of LTBI among children who visited pediatric out-patient clinic at St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea from February of 2007 to May of 2008. The study group was stratified into two groups in terms of whether there was intrafamilial contact or not. Results: Out of total 35 children, 29 were tuberculosis (TB)-exposed cases and the remainders were diagnosed as clinical pulmonary TB. Among these 29 children, TST was positive 38.9% (7/18) for the intrafamilial and 45.5% (5/11) for the nonintrafamilial,and at the same time, the result for QFT-GIT was positive 5.6% (1/18) and 9.1% (1/11), respectively which implies that TST was more sensitive than QFT-GIT. Among 29 TB-exposed cases, 26 initially went through TST and QFTGIT together on their first visit to out-patient clinic, and 15 continued the follow-up tests. Out of total 41 cases collected,the agreement (known as kappa value) was 0.063 which was relatively low. Including 6 cases with pulmonary TB who were all positive for TST and only 5 being positive for QFT-GIT, the final kappa value was 0.334. Conclusion: In our study, the agreement for TST and QFT-GIT was low, and the majorities were almost the cases of positive TST. In current situation with lacking a gold standard test and limited data on children to adolescents, this result is quite alarming that the recent trend tends to replace TST by QFT-GIT when diagnosing LTBI.

참고문헌 (29)

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