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생후 90일 미만 영아의 요로 감염에서 세균성 수막염의 동반 가능성

Possibility of Combined Meningitis in Under 90-Day-Old Infants With Urinary Tract Infection

채수안|박지영|이나미|이대용|윤신원|Hwang Jun Ho|Kim Su Yeong|Lim In Seok
대한소아감염학회 (The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases)|2022.09|Pediatric Infection and Vaccine|제29권 제2호|pp. 84-95|DOI 10.14776/piv.2022.29.e9

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KoreaInfantUrinary tract infectionsMeningitis

초록

목적: 요로 감염은 발열이 있는 생후 90일 미만의 어린 영아에서 가장 흔한 침습성 세균 감염이다. 많은 병원에서 요로 감염이 의심되는 어린 영아에게 세균성 수막염을 진단하기 위해 요추 천자를 시행하고 있지만, 요로 감염에서 동반되는 세균성 수막염은 매우 드물게 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 어린 영아의 요로 감염에서 동반되는 세균성 수막염의 유병률을 알아보고 관습적인 요추 천자의 필요성에 대해 고찰해보고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 중앙대학교병원에 입원하여 요로 감염으로 처음 진단된 영아들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 입원 당시 나이가 생후 90일 미만이고 초기 평가 단계에서 요추 천자를 시행한 경우를 연구에 포함하였다. 연구 대상들의 인구학적 특성과 임상적인 특성, 실험실 결과, 영상검사 결과를 수집하고 분석하였다. 결과: 요로 감염으로 진단된 86명의 영아가 연구에 포함되었다. 중위 연령은 61.5일(사분범위, 42.3–73.8일)이었으며 남아(90.7%)가 여아보다 많았다. 소변 배양 검사 결과, Escherichia coli (93.0%)가 가장 흔한 원인균이었으며 Klebsiella species (5.8%)가 뒤를 이었고, 이들 중 15건(18.1%)은 extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) 생성균이었다. 혈액 배양 검사에서는 5명(5.8%)의 영아에서 양성 결과를 얻었다. 7명(8.1%)에서 뇌척수액 백혈구증가증을 보였지만 동반되는 세균성 수막염은 없었다. 신초음파에서 신우 확장이나 수신증을 보이는 경우는 24명(30.8%), 신피질 스캔에서 신피질 손상이 확인된 경우는 17명(21.3%), 배뇨방광요도조영검사에서 방광요관역류가 확인된 경우는 6명(46.2%)이었다. 결론: 생후 90일 미만 영아의 요로 감염에서 동반되는 세균성 수막염은 없었다. 요로 감염에서 세균성 수막염의 동반율이 낮은 것을 고려한다면, 관습적인 요추 천자를 줄이고 환자의 임상적인 상황에 따라 요추 천자 시행 여부를 결정하는 것이 바람직해 보인다.

Abstract

Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common serious bacterial infections in young infants. Lumbar puncture (LP) has been used to diagnose coexisting meningitis in infants under 90 days of age with suspected UTI in many hospitals. However, the incidence of bacterial meningitis associated with UTIs is low. We aimed to describe the prevalence of concomitant bacterial meningitis in young infants with UTIs. Methods: The medical records of infants with the first episode of UTI admitted to the Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Infants aged < 90 days who underwent LP with initial evaluation were included. Demographic and clinical features, laboratory findings, and imaging findings were collected and analyzed. Results: Eighty-six infants with UTIs were enrolled in the study. The median age was 61.5 days (interquartile range, 42.3–73.8 days) and boys (90.7%) were predominant. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (n=80, 93.0%) and followed by Klebsiella species (n=5, 5.8%). Fifteen (18.1%) specimens produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Five (5.8%) infants had positive blood culture results. Seven (8.1%) infants showed pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid, but none had coexisting bacterial meningitis. Twenty-four (30.8%) infants showed renal dilatation or hydronephrosis on ultrasonography. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans revealed cortical defects in 17 (21.3%) infants while voiding cystourethrography revealed vesicoureteral reflux in 6 (46.2%) infants. Conclusion: Co-existing bacterial meningitis was not observed in young infants with UTIs. LP could not be routinely performed considering the clinical condition of <90 days old UTI patients.

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