러시아어의 구조화된 술어 생략: 폴란드어, 체코어, 불가리아어와의 비교를 중심으로
Ellipsis and Null-Form of Russian Predicates: In Comparison with Polish, Czech, Bulgarian
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고에서는 러시아어 술어의 구조화된 생략을 살펴보고, 여러 슬라브어의 술어 생략을 비교한다. 술어 생략이 맥락과 상황의 영향을 받는 구어체나 등위 및 종속접속문 등의 특별한 통사적 환경에서 제한적으로 나타나는 폴란드어, 체코어, 불가리아어와 달리, 러시아어에서는 공지시적 문맥과 상황이 주어진 경우뿐 아니라, 탈문맥, 탈상황적인 문장에서도 술어 생략이 자주 발생하고, 특정 술어의 경우 술어의 부재가 문법화되어, 술어 생략 문장이 적형식문으로 간주되기도 한다. 그러한 러시아어 술어에는 이동동사, 발화동사, 타격동사 및 보조술어나 양상술어와 결합하는 미정형 동사, 그리고 быть가 있는데, 이 중 быть 현재형의 생략은 현대러시아어에서 이미 상당 수준 문법화되어 고유의 특별한 기능과 용법을 가지고 있다.
Abstract
The article analyzes empty predicates in Russian sentences which are grammatical and compares Russian empty predicates with those of other Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Bulgarian. In Polish, Czech and Bulgarian sentences an empty predicate is possible when the predicate has a co-referential predicate in the antecedent clauses or sentences. However, Russian empty predicates are not difficult to find even when the predicate does not have a co-referential antecedent in the sentence or in the context, and sentences without predicate can be grammatical or preferred. Russian empty predicates without co-referential antecedent can be divided into two groups. The verbs of the first group do not make the sentence ungrammatical, when they are recovered. The second type can cause ungrammaticality or the change in the meaning when the given empty predicate is recovered. The first group includes motion verbs(eg. я ø на концерт), speech verbs(eg. я не ø об этом), verbs of hitting (eg. я ø его) and infinitive verbs followed by modal and auxiliary predicates(eg. давай ø без него) and so on. The second type is BE-verb. Russian BE-verb functions as a copula and an existential verb. The absence of the copula in the present tense has already grammaticalized to some extent in Modern Russian. It is obligatory to delete present form есть when it is followed by an adjective, a participle or a category of state predicate and the absence of a copula is considered to be normal, when it is followed by a noun. However, if Russian BE-verb in the present tense emphasizes not the location of an object, but its existence itself, its explicit expression is preferred. The present form есть can also be explicit in the structure of possession beginning with “у+genitive”, if the speaker implicates the existence of other objects or if the possession or existence of the object is not too obvious or temporary, though in most cases the absence of есть is unmarked in Russian possessive sentence. Thus in Russian the absence of some verbs with specific semantic or syntactic valency is not ungrammatical and null BE-verb is already more or less grammaticalized. Sentences with empty predicates are more frequent and widespread in Russian than in Polish, Czech and Bulgarian. This tendency seems to be relevant to the fact that Russian is a be-language, whereas Polish, Czech and Bulgarian are have-languages.
참고문헌 (37)
- Чехов, А. П., "Собрание сочинений в 12 томах" (1955), Худлитиздат
- Чехов, А.П., "София:«книгоиздателска къща «труд»" (2004)
- Czechow, Antoni., "Nieczekawa historia. (Przekład i komentarz René Śliwowski)Warszawa" (2011), Sic
- Mrożek, Sławomir., "Ucieczka na południe" (2002), Noir sur Blanc
- 벤베니스트, 에밀, "일반언어학의제문제I" (1992), 민음사
- 이인영, "BE와 무(無)에 대하여: 러시아어의 경우", 러시아연구, 14(1), pp.167~210 (2004), 러시아연구소
- 정정원, "슬라브어 영형태(null-form)에 대한 소고: 무주어문, 탈락 그리고 화용론적 생략에 대하여", 슬라브어 연구, 17(2), pp.211~236 (2012), 한국슬라브어학회[DOI]
- 정정원, "슬라브어의 생략과 화제, 테마, 주어: 러시아어, 폴란드어, 체코어, 불가리아어 문어텍스트 분석", 러시아어문학연구논집, (42), pp.160~188 (2013), 한국러시아문학회
- 정정원, "러시아어와 폴란드어 문학텍스트 내 생략의 화용적 분석- 므로제크의 “남쪽으로의 도주”를 중심으로 -", 비교문화연구, 33, pp.407~459 (2013), 비교문화연구소
- Арутюнова, Н. Д., "Логико-семантические проблемы" (1976), Наука
- Земская, Е. А., "Русская разговорная речь" (1973), Наука
- Иванова, Елена Ю., "Има и съм в болгарских бытийных предложениях(всопоставлении с русскими)", Съпоставительно езикознание, XXVII(2) (2002)
- Лермит, Р., "О развитии номинативного предложения в русском языке", Вопро-сы языкознания, (2) (1973)
- Розенталь, Д. Э., "Словарь-справочник лингвистических тер-минов. Изд. 2-е" (1976), Просвещение
- Селиверстова, О. Н., "Семантический анализ предикативных притяжательныхконструкций с глаголом БЫТЬ", Вопросы языкознания, (5) (1973)
- Селиверстова, О. Н., "Труды по семантике" (2004), Языки славянской культуры
- Циммерлинг, А. В., "Логический анализ языка. Языкипространств" (2000), Языки русской культуры
- Шатуновский, И. Б., "Логический анализ языка. Языки пространств" (2000), Языки русской культуры
- Янко, Т. Е., "Логичес-кий анализ языка. Языки пространств" (2000), Языки русской культуры
- Янко, Т. Е., "Коммуникативные стратегии русской речи" (2001), Языки славянскойкультуры
- Chvany, Catherine., "On the syntax of Be-sentences in Russian" (1975), Slavica
- Coats, Herbert, "Ellipsis in Russian", Russian Linguistics, 18(3) (1994)
- Clancy, Steven J., "The Chain of Being and Having in Slavic" (2010), John Benjamins publishing Company
- Flashner, Vanessa., "Coherence and Grounding in Discourse" (1987), John Benjamins
- Givón, Talmy., "Topic continuity in discourse: A quantitative cross-language study" (1983), John Benjamins
- Givón, Talmy., "Subject and Topic. NY, San Francisco" (1976), Academic Press Inc
- Grepl, Miroslav, "Příruční mluvnice češtiny" (1995), Nakladatelství Lidové noviny
- Grice, H. P., "Syntax and semantics 3:Speech acts" (1975), Academy Press
- Hopper, Paul J., "Approaches to grammaticalization. Vol I" (1991), John Benjamins
- Isačenko, Alexander V., "Slavic Forum: Essays in linguistics and literature" (1974), Mouton
- Kuryłowicz, Jerzy., "The Evolution of Grammatical Categories", Diogenes, 13(51) (1965)
- Lechmann, Christian., "Grammaticalization: synchronic variation and diachronic change", Lingua e stile, 20(3) (1985)
- McShane, Marjorie J., "Verbal Ellipsis in Russian, Polish and Czech", Slavic and East European Journal, 44(2) (2000)
- McShane, Marjorie J., "A theory of ellipsis" (2005), Oxford Univ. Press
- Safarewiczowa, Halina., "Prace komisji językoznawstwa. Nr3" (1964), Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków
- Szczegielniak, Adam., "NELS 35 Proceedings. Volume 2" (2006), Book Surge Publishing
- Yokoyama, Olga T., "Issues in Russian Morphosyntax" (1985), Slavica