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국제형사재판소의 피해자신탁기금의 배상집행 권한

Reparations Implementation Mandate of Trust Fund for Victims in the International Criminal Court

조상혁
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2020.08|아주법학 (Ajou Law Review)|제14권 제2호|pp. 137-178|DOI 10.21589/ajlaw.2020.14.2.137

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참고문헌

키워드

국제형사재판소피해자신탁기금Trust Fund for Victims루방가 사건카탕가 사건알 마흐디 사건International Criminal Court배상의 집행Implementation of ReparationsLubanga CaseKatanga CaseAl Mahdi Case.
주제분류법학

초록

냉전이 종료한 후 국제사회의 노력으로 설립된 상설 국제형사법정인 국제형사재판소는 분쟁 후 지역에서의 대규모이면서 심각한 인권침해의 피해자에 대한 구제를 해야 한다는 요청에 부응하여 피해자배상제도를 가지고 있으며, 국제형사재판소의 설립조약인 로마규정은 ICC의 관할범죄의 피해자와 그의 가족을 위한 새롭고 독특한 제도인 피해자신탁기금을 창설하였다. 신탁기금은 ICC에서 피해자배상 체제를 가능하게 하는 가장 핵심적인 요소라고 할 수 있다. 신탁기금은 ICC의 통상예산과는 구별된 독자적 재원을 가지고 있으며, 재판소의 배상명령의 집행뿐만 아니라 개별사건의 형사절차와는 관계 없이 범죄피해자를 대상으로 하는 피해자지원도 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 신탁기금의 두 가지 권한 중 하나인 배상을 집행할 때 어떤 역할을 하는지 그리고 배상명령을 내리는 재판부와 신탁기금은 어떤 관계에 있는지를 우선 관련규정을 중심으로 이론적인 측면에서 검토하고, 그 다음에는 ICC의 피해자배상 사건(루방가(Lubanga) 사건, 카탕가(Katanga) 사건 및 알 마흐디(Al Mahdi) 사건)의 판결 내용 중 신탁기금에 관한 내용을 구체적으로 분석하여 이 판결들이 피해자배상제도의 운영에 기여한 점과 판결의 제한점 내지 문제점을 고찰하고자 한다.

Abstract

The International Criminal Court, a permanent international criminal court established by the international community's efforts after the end of the Cold War, has a victim reparations system in response to calls for relief of victims of massive and serious human rights violations in the post-conflict region, and the Roman Regulations, a treaty for the establishment of the International Criminal Court, created a new and unique system for victims of the ICC's jurisdictional crimes and their families, the Victims Trust Fund. Trust funds are the most important factor in enabling a victim reparations system in the ICC. The Trust Fund has its own resources distinct from the ICC's ordinary budget, and it can provide victims' support for crime victims regardless of the criminal procedures of individual cases as well as the execution of the court's reparations order. This paper first reviews the role the Trust Fund plays and the relationship between the Trust Fund and the court that issues reparations order in implementing reparations, and then analyzes the contents of the ICC's ruling on the victims' reparations case (Lubanga case, Katanga case, and Al Mahdi case) in detail, finally considers these rulings’ contributions to the operation of the victim reparations system and the limitations and problems of them.

참고문헌 (45)

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