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종교적 관점에서 본 뇌사와 생명윤리

Brain Death and Life Ethics from the Perspectives of Religions

유경동
생명의료법연구소 (Ewha Institute for Biomedical Law & Ethics)|2019.07|생명윤리정책연구 (Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics)|제12권 제3호|pp. 33-56|DOI 10.38046/apjhle.2019.12.3.002

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참고문헌

키워드

생명윤리공동체성장기기증뇌사Life EthicsBrain Death종교적 관점Religious PerspectivesPublic Ethics인간 고유성

초록

1968년 하버드대학에서 최초의 뇌사판정기준을 세운 이후, 국내에서도 1999년 2월 장기이식에 관한 법률에 의하여 뇌사가 사망의 기준에 포함되었고, “장기 등 이식에 관한 법률 시행령[시행 2018. 10. 16.] [대통령령 제29230호, 2018. 10. 16., 일부개정]”에 뇌사 판정의 기준이 좀 더 구체적으로 세워졌다. 그 후 뇌사와 연관된 죽음의 판정에 관한 법, 의학, 윤리, 그리고 사회적으로 많은 이슈들이 있어왔는데, 비교 종교적 관점에서 뇌사에 관한 입장이 연구된 적은 없다. 필자는 본 논고를 통하여 가톨릭, 개신교, 유대교, 불교, 힌두교, 이슬람교, 그리고 유교의 관점에서 뇌사와 관련된 생명윤리관을 살펴보도록 하겠다. 필자는 이 논문을 통하여 크게 세 가지 논지를 전개하고자 한다. 첫째, 2000년대 영어권의 연구 자료들을 중심으로 뇌사 판정에 관한 관점을 간략한 다음, 둘째, 각 종교의 관점에서 뇌사에 관한 쟁점을 살펴보고, 셋째, 생명윤리의 관점에서 몇 가지 제언을 하도록 하겠다. 이 논문을 통하여 뇌사와 관련하여 뇌와 연관된 생물학적인, 또는 환원론적인 관점을 넘어서 인간의 삶 전체를 유기적으로 보는 각 종교적 관점을 통하여 인간의 생명에 대한 이해가 좀 더 깊어지기를 기대한다.

Abstract

After brain death criteria was first established at Harvard University in 1968, Korea included brain death in the guidelines for the determination of death, through the organ transplant law in February 1999. Since then, various legal, medical, ethical, and social issues regarding the determination of death related to brain death have surfaced, but no research has been conducted from the perspectives of comparative religion regarding the position towards the brain death. The author will examine the life ethics related to the brain death from the perspectives of the Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Confucianism. Three arguments will be unfolded through this paper at large. Firstly, internal and external perspectives on the brain death will be briefed, and secondly, issues related to brain death will be examined from the perspectives of various religions, and thirdly, a few proposals will be made from the perspective of the life ethics. Through this paper’s various religion’s organic perspectives on the entire human life overcoming biological or reductionist perspectives regarding the brain, the author expects the understanding of the human life to deepen in relation to the brain death.

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