Learning Biases for Vowel Height Harmony
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
We test the role of phonetic grounding and typological tendencies on learning biases for vowel height harmony, a phonological process in which vowels within a word are required to share phonological features for height. Several height harmony languages are constrained such that vowels ([i, e]) undergo harmony following both front and back vowels, while back vowels ([u, o])tend to only undergo harmony following other (often identical) back vowels. In Experiment 1, participants were trained on a height harmony pattern with either front vowel suffixes or back vowel suffixes. Participants reliably displayed harmonic responses only when the suffixes contained a front vowel,despite exposure to back vowel suffixes. Experiment 2 tested for generalization to novel vowel harmony triggers, exposing learners to tense front and back vowel stems or front vowel stems, with a front vowel suffix alternation. Participants generalized to front lax vowels but did not generalize to tense back vowels, suggesting a bias for height harmony languages in which the trigger and target share the same value for backness.
Abstract
We test the role of phonetic grounding and typological tendencies on learning biases for vowel height harmony, a phonological process in which vowels within a word are required to share phonological features for height. Several height harmony languages are constrained such that vowels ([i, e]) undergo harmony following both front and back vowels, while back vowels ([u, o])tend to only undergo harmony following other (often identical) back vowels. In Experiment 1, participants were trained on a height harmony pattern with either front vowel suffixes or back vowel suffixes. Participants reliably displayed harmonic responses only when the suffixes contained a front vowel,despite exposure to back vowel suffixes. Experiment 2 tested for generalization to novel vowel harmony triggers, exposing learners to tense front and back vowel stems or front vowel stems, with a front vowel suffix alternation. Participants generalized to front lax vowels but did not generalize to tense back vowels, suggesting a bias for height harmony languages in which the trigger and target share the same value for backness.
참고문헌 (50)
- Beckman, J. N., "Shona height harmony: Markedness and positional identity, In Papers in optimality theory", pp.53~75 (1995), GLSA
- Beckman, J. N., "Positional faithfulness, positional neutralisation and Shona vowel harmony", Phonology, 14, pp.1~46 (1997)
- Beddor, P., "Language-specific patterns of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation : Acoustic structures and their perceptual correlates", Journal of Phonetics, 30(4), pp.591~627 (2002)
- Boersma, P., "Praat : Doing phonetics by computer", ~ (2005)
- Carpenter, A., "Acquisition of a natural vs. and unnatural stress system, In BUCLD 29 Proceedings", pp.134~143 (2005), Cascadilla Press
- Christiansen, M. H., "Language as shaped by the brain", Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 31, pp.489~558 (2008)
- Clements, G. N., "Vowel and consonant disharmony in Turkish, In The structure of phonological representations", pp.213~255 (1982), Foris
- Cohen, J. D., "PsyScope : A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments", Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 25, pp.257~271 (1993)
- Cristia, A., "Is infants’ learning of sound patterns constrained by phonological features?", Language Learning and Development, 4(3), pp.203~227 (2008)
- Culbertson, J., "Testing Greenberg’s Universal 18 using the Mixture Shift Paradigm for artificial language learning", NELS, 40 (2010)
- Finley, S, "Typological asymmetries in round vowel harmony: Support from artificial grammar learning", Language and Cognitive Processes
- Finley, S., "Analytic biases for vowel harmony languages", WCCFL, 27, pp.168~176 (2008)
- Finley, S., "Artificial grammar learning, and feature-based generalization", Journal of Memory and Language, 61, pp.423~437 (2009)
- Finley, S., "Right-to-left biases for vowel harmony: Evidence from artificial grammar", Proceedings of the 38th North East Linguistic Society Annual Meeting, 1, pp.269~282 (2009)
- Finley, S., "Towards a substantively biased theory of learning", BLS, 33
- Finley, S., "Multimodal transfer of repetition patterns in artificial grammar learning", Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp.330~305 (2011), Cognitive Science Society
- Gerken, L., "Three exemplars allow at least some linguistic generalizations : Implications for generalization mechanisms and constraints", Language Learning and Development, 4(3), pp.228~248 (2008)
- Harris, J., "Monovalency and opacity: Chicheë a height harmony. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics", UCL Working Papers in Linguistics, 6, pp.509~547 (1994)
- Hillenbrand, J., "Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, pp.3099~3111 (1995)
- Hillenbrand, J., "Identification of resynthesized", hVd, Journal of the Accoustic Society of America, pp.1999, 105(6)[DOI]
- Hyman, L. H., "Phonologization, In Linguistic studies offered to Joseph Greenberg", pp.407~418 (1976), Anma Libri
- Hyman, L. H., "Positional prominance and the ‘prosodic trough’ in Yaka", Phonology, 15, pp.41~75 (1998)
- Hyman, L. H., "The historical interpretation of vowel harmony in Bantu, In Bantu historical linguistics: Theoretical and empirical perspectives", pp.235~395 (1999)
- Kaun, A., "The typology of rounding harmony, In Phonetics in Phonology", pp.87~116 (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Koo, H., "Tier-adjacency is not a necessary condition for learning phonotactic dependencies", Language and Cognitive Processes
- Kula, N. C., "Constraints and processes: Evidence from Bemba, Herero and Swahili", SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics, 10, pp.91~102 (2000)
- Linebaugh, G., "Phonetic Grounding and Phonology: Vowel backness harmony and vowel height harmony" (2007), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Linker, W., "Articulatory and acoustic correlates of labial activity in vowels: A cross-linguistic study, In . UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 56" (1982), UCLA
- Luraghi, S., "Causes of language change, In Ciontinuum companion to historicacl linguistics", pp.354~366 (2010), Continuum
- Maddieson, I., "The sounds of the Bantu languages, In The Bantu languages" (2003), Routledge
- Manuel, S. Y., "The role of contrast in limiting vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in different languages", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88(3), pp.1266~1128 (1990)
- Masson, M. E., "Using confidence intervals for graphically based data interpretation", Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, pp.203~220 (2003)
- Moreton, E., "Analytic bias and phonological typology", Phonology, 25, pp.83~127 (2008)
- Mufwene, S., "Language evolution: The population genetics way, In Gene, Sprachen, und ihre Evolution", pp.30~52 (2005), Universitaetsverlag Regensburg
- Ohala, J., "Towards a universal, phonetically-based theory of vowel harmony", 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, pp.491~494 (1994)
- Paster, M., "Vowel height harmony and blocking in Buchan Scots", Phonology, 21, pp.359~407 (2004)
- Peperkamp, S., "Learning the mapping from surface to underlying representations in artificial language, In Laboratory Phonology 9", pp.315~338 (2007)
- Peperkamp, S., "The role of phonetic naturalness in phonological rule acquisition Boston University Conference on Language Development", pp.464~475 (2006), Cascadilla Press
- Pycha, A., "Phonological rule-learning and its implications for a theory of vowel harmony", WCCFL, 22, pp.101~113 (2003)
- Recasens, D., "A study of F1 coarticulation in VCV sequences", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43, pp.501~512 (2000)
- Redington, M., "Transfer in artificial grammar learning : A reevaluation", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 125(2), pp.123~138 (1996)
- Riggle, J., "Relational markedness in Bantu vowel height harmony", 석사, pp.1999
- Schane, S., "On the psychological reality of a natural rule of syllable structure", Cognition, 3, pp.351~358 (1974)
- Seidl, A., "On the learning of arbitrary phonological rules", Language Learning and Development, 1, pp.289~316 (2005)
- Simley, A., "A study of Norwegian dialect in Minnesota", American Speech, 5(6), pp.469~474 (1930)
- Singh, S., "Perceptual structure of 12 American English vowels", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49, pp.1861~1866 (1970)
- Skoruppa, K., "Adaptation to novel accents : Feature-based learning in context-sensitive phonological regularities", Cognitive Science, 35(2), pp.348~366 (2011)
- Terbeek, D., "A cross-language multidimensional scaling study of vowel perception", UCLA Working Papers in Linguistics, 37, pp.1~271 (1977)
- Wilson, C., "Experimental investigations of phonological naturalness", WCCFL, 22, pp.101~114 (2003)
- Wilson, C., "Learning phonology with substantive bias : An experimental and computational study of velar palatalization", Cognitive Science, 30, pp.945~982 (2006)