Conceptual Wandering and Novelty Seeking: Creative Metaphor Production in an L1 and L2
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This study examined one dimension of metaphoric competence, specifically creative metaphor production, and analyzed this ability in both a first and second language. Viewing metaphoric competence as a multifaceted construct that lies on a continuum from the highly conventional to the highly creative is widely recognized in the field of cognitive linguistics (see Goatly, 2011; Littlemore, 2010). However, there is scarce research that analyzes creative metaphor production in individuals using multiple languages. Creative metaphors, as opposed to conventional ones that rely extensively on lexical retrieval, require the speaker to combine concepts in unfamiliar and novel ways. That is to say, it relies on constructing and exploring conceptual combinations that allow new properties to emerge and this reflects on a small scale the creative process (Finke, Ward, & Smith, 1992; Miall, 1987). This article reports on an exploratory study that aimed to measure participants’ creative metaphoric competence in both Japanese (L1) and English (L2). The results suggest that this ability is an individual difference that underlies one’s overall linguistic competency for it surfaced in both languages and across multiple creative metaphor production tasks. I argue that this ability involves ... that this ability involves both conceptual wandering, which involves conceptual deviance or the straying from usual or accepted standard associations, and novelty seeking, which involves a motivational desire to seek out the unique and unfamiliar.
Abstract
This study examined one dimension of metaphoric competence, specifically creative metaphor production, and analyzed this ability in both a first and second language. Viewing metaphoric competence as a multifaceted construct that lies on a continuum from the highly conventional to the highly creative is widely recognized in the field of cognitive linguistics (see Goatly, 2011; Littlemore, 2010). However, there is scarce research that analyzes creative metaphor production in individuals using multiple languages. Creative metaphors, as opposed to conventional ones that rely extensively on lexical retrieval, require the speaker to combine concepts in unfamiliar and novel ways. That is to say, it relies on constructing and exploring conceptual combinations that allow new properties to emerge and this reflects on a small scale the creative process (Finke, Ward, & Smith, 1992; Miall, 1987). This article reports on an exploratory study that aimed to measure participants’ creative metaphoric competence in both Japanese (L1) and English (L2). The results suggest that this ability is an individual difference that underlies one’s overall linguistic competency for it surfaced in both languages and across multiple creative metaphor production tasks. I argue that this ability involves ... that this ability involves both conceptual wandering, which involves conceptual deviance or the straying from usual or accepted standard associations, and novelty seeking, which involves a motivational desire to seek out the unique and unfamiliar.
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