가질 것인가? 줄 것인가?: 사회적 배제와 독재자 게임 자원 분배
To give, or not to give?: Social exclusion and distribution of resources in the dictator game
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본 논문은 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람은 그렇지 않은 사람보다 타인에게 공공의 자원을 적게 분배할 것인지, 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람은 자신처럼 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람에게는 비교적 공평하게 자원을 분배할 것인지, 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람은 자신의 사회적 가치를 낮게 지각하는지를 확인하기 위해 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 ‘모든 사람이 나와 함께 프로젝트를 진행하고 싶은 상황’을 사회적 배제 없음 조건으로, ‘아무도 나와 함께 프로젝트를 진행하고 싶어 하지 않는 상황’을 사회적 배제 있음 조건으로 조작한 후, 자원분배관련 의사결정 연구에서 널리 사용되어 온 독재자 게임을 수행하였다. 또한 독재자 게임 상대방이 프로젝트를 함께하고 싶은 사람으로 모두의 선택을 받았는지, 아무의 선택도 받지 못했는지에 대한 정보를 주면서 독재자 게임 상대방의 사회적 배제를 조작하였다. 결과적으로 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람은 그렇지 않은 사람보다 독재자 게임 상대방에게 자원을 적게 분배하였다. 그러나 독재자 게임 상대방이 사회적 배제를 경험한 조건에서는 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람이 자원을 분배하는 양이 증가했다. 또한 사회적 배제를 경험한 사람은 이를 경험하지 않은 사람보다 사회적 가치를 낮게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 발견은 사회적 배제 경험자들에게 나타나는 심리적 상실감 보상욕구, 새로운 관계 형성 욕구, 과시욕구로 설명할 수 있다. 본 연구는 사회적 배제가 이기적 행동, 물질주의, 사회 갈등 조장 등의 사회문제를 야기할 수 있음을 보여주었다는 점에서 시사점을 가진다.
Abstract
The present study examined whether those who have experienced social exclusion distribute fewer public resources to others than those who have not experienced social exclusion, whether they distribute resources more fairly to those who have also experienced social exclusion like themselves, and whether they perceive themselves as having low social value. To this end, the dictator game, widely used in decision-making research related to resource distribution, was conducted with the no-social-exclusion condition as "a situation in which everyone wants to carry out a project with me" and the social-exclusion condition as "a situation in which no one wants to carry out a project with me." Social exclusion of the other player in the dictator game was manipulated by providing information on whether the other player was chosen by everyone or no one as someone with whom they wanted to work on the project. The result was that those who experienced social exclusion gave fewer resources to the other player in the dictator game than those who did not. However, when the other player also experienced social exclusion, the amount of resources distributed by the individual who experienced social exclusion increased. In addition, those who experienced social exclusion perceived themselves to have lower social value than those who did not experience social exclusion. These findings can be explained by the desire to compensate for psychological loss, to form a new relationship, and to be conspicuous. The present study suggests that social exclusion can lead to social problems such as instigating selfish behavior, materialism, and social conflict.
참고문헌 (50)
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