본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

L2 Acquisition and Processing of Korean Direct Object and Oblique Relative Clauses by English Speakers

2

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

This study examined the online comprehension of Korean direct object and oblique relative clauses (RCs) by English-speaking second language (L2) learners of Korean. A self-paced reading task and a follow-up picture selection task were conducted with adult English learners of Korean at intermediate and low proficiency levels, together with a control group of adult native Korean speakers. The results from the picture selection task showed that oblique RCs were characterized by longer response times and lower accuracy rates than direct object RCs reflecting the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy effect. The outcomes of the self-paced reading task, however, revealed that in the two L2 learner groups, as well as the native speaker group, the total reading time was longer for direct object RCs than for oblique RCs (though the difference was statistically significant for learners with low proficiency only). The longer total reading time for the Korean direct object condition can largely be attributed to the momentary processing difficulty of the oblique argument marked by a postposition. This may be due to the possibility that ditransitive constructions are more difficult to process than transitive constructions.

Abstract

This study examined the online comprehension of Korean direct object and oblique relative clauses (RCs) by English-speaking second language (L2) learners of Korean. A self-paced reading task and a follow-up picture selection task were conducted with adult English learners of Korean at intermediate and low proficiency levels, together with a control group of adult native Korean speakers. The results from the picture selection task showed that oblique RCs were characterized by longer response times and lower accuracy rates than direct object RCs reflecting the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy effect. The outcomes of the self-paced reading task, however, revealed that in the two L2 learner groups, as well as the native speaker group, the total reading time was longer for direct object RCs than for oblique RCs (though the difference was statistically significant for learners with low proficiency only). The longer total reading time for the Korean direct object condition can largely be attributed to the momentary processing difficulty of the oblique argument marked by a postposition. This may be due to the possibility that ditransitive constructions are more difficult to process than transitive constructions.

참고문헌 (50)

  1. Comrie, B., "The acquisition of relative clauses in relation to language typology", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29(2), pp.301~309 (2007)
  2. Cruse, A., "A glossary of semantics and pragmatics" (2006), Edinburgh University Press
  3. Doughty, C., "Second language instruction does make a difference:Evidence from an empirical study of SL relativization", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13(4), pp.431~469 (1991)
  4. Eckman, F. R., "On the generalization of relative clause instruction in the acquisition of English as a second language", Applied Linguistics, 9(1), pp.1~20 (1988)
  5. Fauconnier, S., "Distinguishing animacy effects for Agents: A case study of Australian languages", Australian Journal of Linguistics, 30(2), pp.183~207 (2010)
  6. Gass, S. M., "Language transfer and universal grammatical relations", Language Learning, 29(2), pp.327~344 (1979)
  7. Gibson, E., "Linguistic complexity: Locality of syntactic dependencies", Cognition, 68(1), pp.1~76 (1998)
  8. Gibson, E., "Processing Chinese relative clauses in context", Language and Cognitive Processes, 28(1-2), pp.125~155 (2013)
  9. Hale, J. T., "A probabilistic Earley parser as a psycholinguistic model", Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Language Technologies, pp.1~8 (2001), Association for Computational Linguistics
  10. Hawkins, R., "Do second language learners acquire restrictive relative clauses on the basis of relational or configurational information? The acquisition of French subject, direct object and genitive restrictive relative clauses by second language learners", Second Language Research, 5(2), pp.156~188 (1989)
  11. 허소린, "A Corpus Study of L2 Korean Relative Clause Development", 어학연구, 51(3), pp.845~868 (2015), 언어교육원
  12. Jong-BaiHwang, "Korean EFL Learners’ Acquisition of English Relative Clauses: PFH, PDH, or AHH?", 영어교육, 58(3), pp.189~208 (2003), 한국영어교육학회
  13. Jegerski, J., "Self-paced reading", pp.20~49 (2014), Routledge
  14. Jegerski, J., "The processing of case in near-native Spanish", Second Language Research, 31(3), pp.281~307 (2015)
  15. Jeon, K. S., "Development of relativization in Korean as a foreign language : The noun phrase accessibility hierarchy in head-internal and head-external relative clauses", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29(2), pp.253~276 (2007)
  16. Kamide, Y., "The time-course of prediction in incremental sentence processing : Evidence from anticipatory eye movements", Journal of Memory and Language, 49(1), pp.133~156 (2003)
  17. Keenan, E. L., "Variation in universal grammar", pp.46~59 (1987), Croom Helm
  18. Keenan, E. L., "Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar", Linguistic Inquiry, 8(1), pp.63~99 (1977)
  19. Keenan, E. L., "The psychological validity of the accessibility hierarchy", pp.60~85 (1987), Croom Helm
  20. 김채은, "Processing Direct Object and Oblique Relative Clauses", 어학연구, 52(2), pp.151~170 (2016), 언어교육원
  21. 김채은, "L2 Processing of English Direct Object and Oblique Relative Clauses", 현대영어교육, 20(2), pp.66~75 (2019), 현대영어교육학회[DOI]
  22. Kim, C. E., "Asymmetries in children’s production of relative clauses: Data from English and Korean", Journal of Child Language, 43(5), pp.1038~1071 (2016)
  23. 김창구, "유표성 일반화와 한국어 관계절 습득의 관련성에 관한 연구", 동북아 문화연구, 1(22), pp.85~107 (2010), 동북아시아문화학회[DOI]
  24. 김신영, "L2 한국어 학습자의 언어 산출을 통해 본 관계절 사용 양상", 우리말글, 70, pp.185~213 (2016), 우리말글학회[DOI]
  25. Kleinman, D., "Single-word predictions of upcoming language during comprehension : Evidence from the cumulative semantic interference task", Cognitive Psychology, 79, pp.68~101 (2015)
  26. Kwon, N., "Subject", object processing asymmetries in Korean relative clauses : Evidence from ERP data, 2013, pp.89(3), 537~585
  27. Kwon, N., "Cognitive and linguistic factors affecting subject", object asymmetry: An eye-tracking study of prenominal relative clauses in Korean, 2010, pp.86(3), 546~582
  28. 이진화, "The L2 Developmental Sequence of English Constructions and Underlying Factors", 영어학, 11(3), pp.577~600 (2011), 한국영어학회[DOI]
  29. 이미선, "Effects of Case-marking on the Anticipatory Processing of Korean Sentences", Journal of Cognitive Science, 20(3), pp.339~364 (2019), 인지과학연구소[DOI]
  30. 이선영, "Relative Clauses and Subject-drop in KSL Learners' Writing: Sentence Processing Approach", 어학연구, 41(2), pp.405~436 (2005), 언어교육원
  31. Lee-Ellis, S., "The development and validation of a Korean C-Test using Rasch Analysis", Language Testing, 26(2), pp.245~274 (2009)
  32. Lee-Ellis, S., "The elicited production of Korean relative clauses by heritage speakers", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(1), pp.57~89 (2011)
  33. Levy, R., "Expectation-based syntactic comprehension", Cognition, 106(3), pp.1126~1177 (2008)
  34. 임정현, "The influence of language proficiency on processing reduced relative clauses by Korean learners of English", 언어와언어학, (77), pp.117~140 (2017), 언어연구소[DOI]
  35. Luce, R. D., "Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization" (1986), Oxford University Press
  36. Mak, W. M., "The influence of animacy on relative clause processing", Journal of Memory and Language, 47(1), pp.50~68 (2002)
  37. McCluskey, A., "Statistics II: Central tendency and spread of data. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia", Critical Care & Pain, 7(4), pp.127~130 (2007)
  38. Müller, M. L., "Definite descriptions in the light of the comprehension vs. acceptance distinction : Comparing self-paced reading with eye-tracking measures", Frontiers in Communication, 6, pp.634362~ (2021)
  39. O’Grady, W., "A subject-object asymmetry in the acquisition of relative clauses in Korean as a second language", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25(3), pp.433~448 (2003)
  40. O’Grady, W., "A note on canonical word order", Applied Linguistics, 26(3), pp.453~458 (2005)
  41. 박상진, "Acquisition of Relative Clauses by Korean EFL College Students", 신영어영문학, (72), pp.137~154 (2019), 신영어영문학회[DOI]
  42. Peirce, J., "PsychoPy2 : Experiments in behavior made easy", Behavior Research Methods, 51(1), pp.195~203 (2019)
  43. Rah, A., "Processing of the reduced relative clause versus main verb ambiguity in L2 learners at different proficiency levels", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(1), pp.79~109 (2010)
  44. Ronai, E., "Memory versus expectation : Processing relative clauses in a flexible word order language", Cognitive Science, 47(1), pp.e13227~ (2023)
  45. Shirai, Y., "Introduction", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29(2), pp.155~167 (2007)
  46. Sohn, H. M., "The Korean language" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  47. Tarallo, F., "Interference and natural language processing in second language acquisition", Language Learning, 33(1), pp.55~76 (1983)
  48. Venhuizen, N. J., "Expectation-based comprehension: Modeling the interaction of world knowledge and linguistic experience", Discourse Processes, 56(3), pp.229~255 (2019)
  49. 연재훈, "유형론적 관점의 한국어 관계절 연구", 國語學, (63), pp.413~457 (2012), 국어학회[DOI]
  50. 용남석, "Semantic Effects of a Pre-verbal Argument on the Online Processing of Korean Sentences: An Eye-tracking Study", 언어, 37(3), pp.639~657 (2012), 한국언어학회[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (3건)