해상난민 보호와 관련하여 해양을 규율하는 국제협약들의 역할 및 한계
The Functions and Limitations of International Conventions Governing the Oceans in Protecting Maritime Refugees
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본 논문은 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 해상난민 보호를 위해 국제법, 특히 해양을 규율하는 국제협약들이 어떤 역할을 할 수 있으며 그 한계는 무엇인지를 연구하였다. 해상난민이 어떤 연안국의 '영해'에 들어갈 수 있다면 국제난민법상 강제송환금지원칙이 적용될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 연안국들이 '영해'에서는 차단 조치라는 국내법적 조치를 통해 해상난민 보호를 회피하고자 할 것이며, '배타적 경제수역' 및 '공해'에서는 조난 상황에 적용될 수 있는 SOLAS협약 또는 SAR협약의 관련 규정들을 적용하여 해상난민의 제3국행을 추진할 수 있다. 이를 고려할 때 현재 해양을 규율하는 국제협약들이 적절히 규율하지 못하고 있는 한계가 존재한다고 할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The matter of maritime refugees is one of the hottest issues which the international community is dealing with today. Some branches of international law, international refugee law and the law of the sea, in particular, may contribute to the settlement of the issue of maritime refugees. If refugees or asylum seekers succeed in entering into the territorial sea of a coastal State, the application of the principle of non-refoulement may prevent them from being sent to “the frontiers of territories where their life or freedom would be threatened on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion”. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) also helps to render assistance to any person in distress. However, ‘interception’ measures may be taken by a coastal State in its territorial sea in order to circumvent the application of the principle of non-refoulement. What is worse, some States are very reluctant to receive maritime refugees by taking full advantage of the relevant provisions of the SOLAS Convention or the SAR Convention under the cloak of rescue operations on the high seas. The legal regime of protecting maritime refugees has yet to be established.
참고문헌 (27)
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