Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. Results: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. Conclusions: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. Results: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. Conclusions: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.
참고문헌 (31)
- World Health Organization, "Multiaxial classification of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders : The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders in children and adolescents" (2008), Cambridge University Press
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5)" (2013), American Psychiatric Association
- Austin PF, "The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents : update report from the standardization committee of the International Children’s Continence Society", Neurourol Urodyn, 35, pp.471~481 (2016)
- Yeung CK, "Characteristics of primary nocturnal enuresis in adults : an epidemiological study", BJU Int, 93, pp.341~345 (2004)
- von Gontard A, "Adolescents with nocturnal enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence-How can pediatric and adult care be improved-ICI-RS 2015", Neurourol Urodyn, 36, pp.843~849 (2017)
- Van Herzeele C, "Recent advances in managing and understanding enuresis", F1000Res, 6, pp.1881~ (2017)
- 백민기, "A Nationwide Epidemiological Study of Nocturnal Enuresis in Korean Adolescents and Adults: Population Based Cross Sectional Study", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 28(7), pp.1065~1070 (2013), 대한의학회
- Wen JG, "An epidemiological study of primary nocturnal enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents", Eur Urol, 49, pp.1107~1113 (2006)
- Wang XZ, "The influence of delay elimination communication on the prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis-a survey from Mainland China", Neurourol Urodyn, 38, pp.1423~1429 (2019)
- Goessaert AS, "Long-term follow-up of children with nocturnal enuresis : increased frequency of nocturia in adulthood", J Urol, 191, pp.1866~1870 (2014)
- Ninivaggio C, "One and the same? Nocturnal enuresis and overactive bladder in the female veteran population : evaluation of a large national database", Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 24, pp.307~311 (2018)
- Maternik M, "Understanding of and misconceptions around monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis : findings from patient and physician surveys", J Pediatr Urol, 15, pp.37.e1~37.e8 (2019)
- Richardson D, "Assessment and treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children and young people", Nurs Child Young People, 30, pp.40~47 (2018)
- Tai TT, "Parents have different perceptions of bed-wetting than children from six to 15 years of age", Acta Paediatr, 104, pp.e466~e472 (2015)
- Jönson Ring I, "Nocturnal enuresis impaired children’s quality of life and friendships", Acta Paediatr, 106, pp.806~811 (2017)
- Liu XC, "Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index-Chinese version", Chin J Psychiatry, 29, pp.103~107 (1996)
- Zung WW, "A self-rating depression scale", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 12, pp.63~70 (1965)
- Rosenberg M, "Society and the adolescent self-image" (1965), Princeton University Press
- Wang XD, "Rating scales for mental health(updated version)", pp.318~320 (1999), Chinese Mental Health Journal Press
- Bogaert G, "Practical recommendations of the EAU-ESPU guidelines committee for monosymptomatic enuresis-Bedwetting", Neurourol Urodyn, 39, pp.489~497 (2020)
- Arena S, "Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and associated factors in a referral continence clinic of Abu Dhabi", Pediatr Med Chir, 39, pp.150~ (2017)
- Hamed A, "Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and related risk factors in school-age children in Egypt : an epidemiological study", World J Urol, 35, pp.459~465 (2017)
- Shah S, "Frequency and features of nocturnal enuresis in Pakistani children aged 5 to 16years based on ICCS criteria: a multi-center cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan", BMC Fam Pract, 19, pp.198~ (2018)
- Hunsballe JM, "Increased delta component in computerized sleep electroencephalographic analysis suggests abnormally deep sleep in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis", Scand J Urol Nephrol, 34, pp.294~302 (2000)
- Kawauchi A, "Changes in the structure of sleep spindles and delta waves on electroencephalography in patients with nocturnal enuresis", Br J Urol, 81(Suppl 3), pp.72~75 (1998)
- Wang QW, "Family and segregation studies : 411 Chinese children with primary nocturnal enuresis", Pediatr Int, 49, pp.618~622 (2007)
- Lee D, "Adult onset nocturnal enuresis:identifying causes, cofactors and impact on quality of life", Low Urin Tract Symptoms, 10, pp.292~296 (2018)
- Akhavizadegan H, "A comprehensive review of adult enuresis", Can Urol Assoc J, 13, pp.282~287 (2018)
- Tarcan T, "Can we improve our management of dysfunctional voiding in children and adults : International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society; ICI-RS2018", Neurourol Urodyn (2019)
- Al-Zaben FN, "Punishment for bedwetting is associated with child depression and reduced quality of life", Child Abuse Negl, 43, pp.22~29 (2015)
- Tai TT, "Parental perception and factors associated with treatment strategies for primary nocturnal enuresis", J Pediatr Urol, 13, pp.272.e1~272.e8 (2017)