Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time
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Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture ofproteins and contains proteins such as phospholipaseand melittin, which have an effect on blood clottingand blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey beevenom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteinsand its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purposeof this study was to investigate the anti-coagulationeffect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation andpurification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis melliferawas selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crudevenom from this species was purified by using gel filtrationchromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecularweights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimatedby using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtainedfrom 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT)and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests wereconducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values ofBV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting wasnot observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations (SDs) = ± 0.71; however, clotting was observedin the control group 13.8 s, SDs = ± 0.52. Thus,BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulationfactors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands withmolecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa),respectively. The LD50 of the crude BV was found to be177.8 μg/mouse. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. Thefraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteinsthat are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, suchas phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and melittin, and that canincrease the blood clotting times in vitro.
Abstract
Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture ofproteins and contains proteins such as phospholipaseand melittin, which have an effect on blood clottingand blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey beevenom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteinsand its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purposeof this study was to investigate the anti-coagulationeffect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation andpurification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis melliferawas selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crudevenom from this species was purified by using gel filtrationchromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecularweights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimatedby using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtainedfrom 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT)and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests wereconducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values ofBV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting wasnot observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations (SDs) = ± 0.71; however, clotting was observedin the control group 13.8 s, SDs = ± 0.52. Thus,BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulationfactors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands withmolecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa),respectively. The LD50 of the crude BV was found to be177.8 μg/mouse. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. Thefraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteinsthat are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, suchas phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and melittin, and that canincrease the blood clotting times in vitro.
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