문맥혈전이 동반된 간세포암종 환자에서 정맥류 출혈에 대한 경 경정맥 간내 문맥정맥 단락술의 효과
Effect of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Variceal bleeding in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis
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목적: 경 경정맥 간내 문맥정맥 단락술(TIPS)는 정맥류 출혈이 있는 환자에서 지혈을 위하여 흔히 시행되며 문맥혈전을 가진 간세포암종 환자의 경우에서는 금기 사항에 해당이 된다. 이 환자들에서 TIPS의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1997년에서 2004년까지 정맥류 출혈을 주소로 내원한 문맥혈전이 동반된 6명의 간세포암종 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 내시경적 지혈에 실패한 환자에서 TIPS를 시행하였다. 효과적인 단락의 형성은 문맥압 차이가 12 mmHg 이하이거나 도플러검사로 단락의 개방과 혈류의 흐름이 잘 유지되는 경우로 평가하였다. 결과: 전 예에서 TIPS는 성공하였고 활동성 출혈의 전 예에서 지혈이 되었다. 출혈은 1명에서 식도정맥류, 5명에서 위정맥류가 원인이었다. 5명에서는 미만형 또는 괴상형의 간세포암종 형태가, 1명에서는 단일 결절 형태이었다. 2명의 환자에서는 10일, 3개월 후 단락폐쇄로 인한 재 출혈이 관찰되었으며, 2명의 환자에서 간성 혼수가 관찰이 되었다. 1명의 환자는 2주 후 간신증후군으로, 1명은 3주 후 반복되는 위장관 출혈로 인하여, 1명은 4개월 후 간세포암종의 진행으로 인하여 사망하였고, 나머지 2명은 1개월, 1명은 29개월까지 관찰된 후 추적이 중단되었다. 결론: 내시경적 지혈이나 약물치료로 조절되지 않는 문맥혈전을 동반한 간세포암종 환자에서 TIPS는 지혈을 위한 효과적인 치료 방법이 될 수 있겠다. 그러나 향후 이에 대한 많은 연구를 요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Background/Aims: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is commonly used in patients with variceal bleeding. However, this procedure is contraindicated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis. This study was done to evaluate the effect of TIPS in those patients with variceal bleeding. Methods: Between 1997 and 2004, six hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein thrombosis were enrolled in this study due to their variceal bleeding. All the patients underwent TIPS placement to treat the variceal bleeding that had not responded to endoscopic treatment. Effective shunt creation was assessed by the decrease of the portal pressure gradient (less than 12 mmHg) or if good patency and flow were seen on a doppler examination. Results: Shunts were successfully created in all the patients and the bleeding was immediately controlled in the active bleeding cases. The bleeding was caused by esophageal varices in one patient and, by gastric varices in five patients. The HCC types were diffuse or massive in five patients, and a single nodule was present in one patient. All the patients had portal vein thrombosis. Rebleeding was noted in two patients at 10 days and 3 months, respectively, due to the shunt occlusion. Hepatic encephalopathy was noted in two patients. The causes of death were hepatorenal syndrome after 2 weeks in one patient, bleeding due to portal hypertensive gastropathy after 3 weeks in another, and cancer progression after 4 months in third patient. Conclusions: For HCC patients with portal vein thrombosis, TIPS can be an effective treatment modality if uncontrolled variceal bleeding presents when using endoscopic hemostasis or pharmacologic therapy. However, further studies are needed.
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