소아 만성 B형간염에서 라미부딘 치료 후 연령에 따른 B형간염바이러스 표면항원 소실률 비교
Comparison of lamivudine-induced HBsAg loss rate according to age in children with chronic hepatitis B
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목적: 라미부딘으로 치료한 소아 만성 B형간염에서 B형간염 바이러스(hepatitis B virus; HBV) 표면항원(HBsAg)이 소실된 환자의 특성을 분석하여, 소아 만성 B형간염 치료에 있어서 영유아기 치료의 효율성을 밝히고 치료 타당성의 근거 자료로 이용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 3월 30일부터 2008년 8월 20일까지 경북대학교병원 소아청소년과에서 HBeAg 양성 만성 B형간염으로 진단되어 라미부딘 치료를 시작한 18세 이하의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 최소 6개월 이상 투약한 총 76명의 환자 중 라미부딘 투약 중에 HBeAg이 소실된 환아 49명을 분석 대상으로 하였다. HBeAg이 소실된 49명을 다시 HBsAg 소실군과 비소실군으로 나누어 이들의 연령, 치료 전 ALT치, 치료 전 HBV DNA치 및 치료와 치료반응 기간을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 49명의 환자들을 4, 5, 6세 및 7세를 기준으로 각각 나누어 각 군별로 HBsAg 소실률이 다른지 비교하였다. 결과: 라미부딘 치료를 받고 HBeAg이 소실된 49명의 환아 중 39명(79.6%)이 어머니가 B형간염 보유자로 주산기 감염으로 추정되었다. HBsAg도 소실된 환자는 13명(26.5%), 비소실군은 36명(73.5%)이었다. HBsAg 소실군(5.1±4.3세)에서 비소실군(7.9±4.9세)에 비해 치료 시작 연령이 어렸고(P=0.006), 치료 전 ALT 및 HBV DNA 수준은 유의한 차이가 없었다. HBsAg이 소실되는 데 걸린 시간은 치료 시작 후 평균 25.9±27.1개월(5~104개월)이었다. HBsAg 소실이 7세 미만은 27명 중 11명이고 7세 이상이 22명 중 2명으로 HBsAg 소실률이 7세 미만 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다(P=0.021). HBsAg이 소실된 13명은 이후 평균 27.4±27.0개월(1~86개월)간 추적관찰되었으나 HBsAg이 다시 나타나는 경우는 없었다. 13명 전원에서 anti-HBs가 생겼다. 결론: HBeAg 양성 만성 B형간염 소아 환자에서 라미부딘 치료 후 HBsAg 소실률은 비교적 높았으며, 7세 미만의 영유아기에 치료가 시작된 경우 7세 이상의 소아에 비하여 HBeAg 소실 후 HBsAg 소실률이 더 높았다. 이는 취학 전 소아에서 ALT의 상승이 지속될 때 적절한 시기에 치료를 시작할 경우 만성 B형간염의 조기 완치 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of children with hepatitis B e antigens (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B who were cleared of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) as a result of lamivudine treatment. Methods: Seventy-six children with chronic hepatitis B who were seropositive for HBeAg were treated with lamivudine for at least 6 months. HBeAg seroconversion occurred during treatment in 49 of these children, who were then followed up to assess their clearance of serum HBsAg. Various clinical variables were compared between those patients who were cleared of HBsAg and those who were not, including age, pretreatment serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, treatment duration, the time elapsed between initiation of treatment and ALT normalization, HBV DNA negativization, HBeAg seroconversion, and HBsAg clearance. Results: HBsAg disappeared in 13 of the 49 (26.5%) patients who experienced lamivudine-induced HBeAg seroconversion; HBsAg did not reappear during follow-up period (1-86 months). The time that elapsed between initiation of lamivudine treatment and total HBsAg clearance was 25.9±27.1 months (mean±SD; range: 5-104 months). The age at which treatment was initiated was the only factor associated with HBsAg clearance. Children who were cleared of HBsAg were significantly younger than those who were not (5.1±4.3 years vs. 7.9±4.9 years, respectively; P=0.006). All 13 of these patients eventually produced antibodies to HBsAg. Conclusions: Younger children (age <7 years old) have a higher chance of HBsAg clearance than older children after the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine.
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