Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
BackgroundThe relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is affected by many factors such as absolute level of sodium intake, salt sensitivity, and the accuracy or the timing of the BP measurement. There is no epidemiologic study using both ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and 24-h urine sample in a middle-aged general population. MethodsIn the rural area, Yeojoo County, Gyunggi Province in South Korea, 218 subjects with age between 30 and 59 years old were measured with ABPM and 24-h urine sample. ABPM device was TM2430, and the 24-h urine sample was collected using the aliquot cup. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was calculated by the sum of the number of abnormal criteria other than BP. ResultsFor both ABPM and 24-h urine sample, 148 subject data was acceptable for the analysis by the creatinine equation and/or the completeness of collection. Age was 47.4 ± 8.3 years (range 30 to 59 years), and female was 85 (57.4%). In multiple linear regression analysis, sodium intake was not an independent factor for casual BPs and daytime BPs whereas sodium intake was an independent factor for nighttime systolic BP (β = 1.625, p = 0.0026) and nighttime diastolic BP (β = 1.066, p = 0.0017). When compared to the lowest quartiles of sodium intake, daytime diastolic BP and nighttime BPs were in the higher three quartile groups. ConclusionsSodium intake was associated not with casual BPs and daytime BPs but with increased nighttime BPs in the middle-aged general population in Korea
Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is affected by many factors such as absolute level of sodium intake, salt sensitivity, and the accuracy or the timing of the BP measurement. There is no epidemiologic study using both ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and 24-h urine sample in a middle-aged general population. MethodsIn the rural area, Yeojoo County, Gyunggi Province in South Korea, 218 subjects with age between 30 and 59 years old were measured with ABPM and 24-h urine sample. ABPM device was TM2430, and the 24-h urine sample was collected using the aliquot cup. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was calculated by the sum of the number of abnormal criteria other than BP. ResultsFor both ABPM and 24-h urine sample, 148 subject data was acceptable for the analysis by the creatinine equation and/or the completeness of collection. Age was 47.4 ± 8.3 years (range 30 to 59 years), and female was 85 (57.4%). In multiple linear regression analysis, sodium intake was not an independent factor for casual BPs and daytime BPs whereas sodium intake was an independent factor for nighttime systolic BP (β = 1.625, p = 0.0026) and nighttime diastolic BP (β = 1.066, p = 0.0017). When compared to the lowest quartiles of sodium intake, daytime diastolic BP and nighttime BPs were in the higher three quartile groups. ConclusionsSodium intake was associated not with casual BPs and daytime BPs but with increased nighttime BPs in the middle-aged general population in Korea
참고문헌 (29)
- Chobanian AV, "Lung, and Blood Institute workshop on sodium and blood pressure, a critical review of current scientific evidence", Hypertension, 35, pp.858~863 (2000)
- 신성준, "Characteristics of Sodium Sensitivity in Korean Populations", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 26(8), pp.1061~1067 (2011), 대한의학회
- Eckel RH, "2013 AHA", ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk, a report of the American College of Cardiology, Circulation, pp.2014, 129(25 Suppl 2)[DOI]
- Stolarz-Skrzypek K, "Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion", JAMA, 305, pp.1777~1785 (2011)
- Katsuya T, "Salt sensitivity of Japanese from the viewpoint of gene polymorphism", Hypertens Res, 26, pp.521~525 (2003)
- 박주연, "Relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium, anthropometric indexes, and blood pressure in young and middle aged Korean adults", Nutrition Research and Practice, 4(2), pp.155~162 (2010), 한국영양학회
- Chen J, "Metabolic syndrome and salt sensitivity of blood pressure in non-diabetic people in China, a dietary intervention study", Lancet, 373, pp.829~835 (2009)
- Fujita T, "Mineralocorticoid receptors, salt-sensitive hypertension, and metabolic syndrome", Hypertension, 55, pp.813~818 (2010)
- Kim BK, "Relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure according to metabolic syndrome status in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", Blood Press Monit, 17, pp.120~127 (2012)
- Sica DA, "What are the influences of salt, potassium, the sympathetic nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin system on the circadian variation in blood pressure?", Blood Press Monit, 4(Suppl 2), pp.S9~S16 (1999)
- Sarzani R, "Renin-angiotensin system, natriuretic peptides, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, an integrated view in humans", J Hypertens, 26, pp.831~843 (2008)
- Fujita T, "Insulin resistance and salt-sensitive hypertension in metabolic syndrome", Nephrol Dial Transplant, 22, pp.3102~3107 (2007)
- Cheung BM, "Diastolic blood pressure is related to urinary sodium excretion in hypertensive Chinese patients", QJM, 93, pp.163~168 (2000)
- Yamori Y, "Simple method for sampling consecutive 24-hour urine for epidemiological and clinical studies", Clin Exp Hypertens A, 6, pp.1161~1167 (1984)
- Kim HM, "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults using the new International Diabetes Federation definition and the new abdominal obesity criteria for the Korean people", DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, 77, pp.99~106 (2007), ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
- Lawlor DA, "Does the new International Diabetes Federation definition of the metabolic syndrome predict CHD any more strongly than older definitions?", Findings from the British Women’s Heart and Health Study, 49, pp.41~48 (2006)
- WHO Collaborating Center on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases aCDU, "Cardiovascular Disease and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC)Study", CARDIAC Study Protocol and Manual of Operations, ~ (1986)
- O’Brien E, "ABC of hypertension, blood pressure measurement. Part III-automated sphygmomanometry, ambulatory blood pressure measurement", BMJ, 322, pp.1110~1114 (2001)
- Staessen J, "Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials", J Hypertens Suppl, 9, pp.S13~S19 (1991)
- Kim YM, "The influence of white coat effect on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome", Korean Hypertension J, 15, pp.32~40 (2009)
- Intersalt Cooperative Research Group, "Intersalt, an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure, results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion", BMJ, 297, pp.319~328 (1988)
- Holden RA, "Dietary salt intake and blood pressure", JAMA, 250, pp.365~369 (1983)
- Cha MJ, "Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in Korean hypertensive patients", Korean Hypertension J, 15, pp.37~44 (2009)
- Hermida RC, "Relationship between metabolic syndrome, circadian treatment time, and blood pressure non-dipping profile in essential hypertension", Chronobiol Int, 28, pp.509~519 (2011)
- Hassan MO, "Non-dipping blood pressure in the metabolic syndrome among Arabs of the Oman family study", Obesity (Silver Spring), 15, pp.2445~2453 (2007)
- Burnier M, "Renal sodium handling and nighttime blood pressure", Semin Nephrol, 27, pp.565~571 (2007)
- Fan HQ, "Prognostic value of isolated nocturnal hypertension on ambulatory measurement in 8711 individuals from 10 populations", J Hypertens, 28, pp.2036~2045 (2010)
- Li Y, "nocturnal hypertension, a disease masked in the dark", Hypertension, 61, pp.278~283 (2013)
- Wilmer WA, "Management of glomerular proteinuria, a commentary", J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp.3217~3232 (2003)