기억과 애도의 글쓰기: 도리스 레싱의 「나의 아버지」
Writing of Remembrance and Mourning: Doris Lessing’s “My Father”
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Doris Lessing has repeatedly written about her parents throughout her literary career, and published works about her father including “My Father”(1963) and Alfred and Emily(2008). Her father, a wounded veteran of the First World War, has been depicted as a flat character who always talks about his wooden leg and the trenches, where his comrades were all killed. Lessing confesses there is a hiatus, a lack, or a blur between her parents and herself, and she cannot understand their uncomfortable relationship. According to Judith Herman’s trauma study, the first step to help victims to overcome their trauma is to diagnose the symptoms, and, then, to lead them and their family to remember and mourn their memories. This paper uses family trauma, mainly due to her father’s lost leg, to follow Lessing’s writing through remembering and mourning the past of her father. While she describes her father’s obsessive talking about the trenches, she comes to realize that the best of her father died in the war and his spirit was crippled by it, and finally she suffers the same experience. Her father was known as a romanticist who knew how to enjoy watching the sky, the mountains and the stars, but through Lessing’s remembrance and mourning, one inconvenient fact emerges that she has the same and repeated memory about a ‘tickling’ game with her father in her childhood. So, this fact disturbs Lessing’s intention to conclude the stories about her father as she mentioned that Alfred and Emily would be her last work. Even this leads to create a hiatus in the story of Alfred and Emily, where she deleted the war which was considered to destroy the life of her parents, as well as she deleted Lessing herself by marrying her parents to different people. Lessing seems to write about her father in “My Father” and Alfred Emily, but nevertheless the story is about herself as a secondary or vicarious victim in the family trauma. This is why she has been writing about her parents not only unconsciously but also consciously all her life.
Abstract
Doris Lessing has repeatedly written about her parents throughout her literary career, and published works about her father including “My Father”(1963) and Alfred and Emily(2008). Her father, a wounded veteran of the First World War, has been depicted as a flat character who always talks about his wooden leg and the trenches, where his comrades were all killed. Lessing confesses there is a hiatus, a lack, or a blur between her parents and herself, and she cannot understand their uncomfortable relationship. According to Judith Herman’s trauma study, the first step to help victims to overcome their trauma is to diagnose the symptoms, and, then, to lead them and their family to remember and mourn their memories. This paper uses family trauma, mainly due to her father’s lost leg, to follow Lessing’s writing through remembering and mourning the past of her father. While she describes her father’s obsessive talking about the trenches, she comes to realize that the best of her father died in the war and his spirit was crippled by it, and finally she suffers the same experience. Her father was known as a romanticist who knew how to enjoy watching the sky, the mountains and the stars, but through Lessing’s remembrance and mourning, one inconvenient fact emerges that she has the same and repeated memory about a ‘tickling’ game with her father in her childhood. So, this fact disturbs Lessing’s intention to conclude the stories about her father as she mentioned that Alfred and Emily would be her last work. Even this leads to create a hiatus in the story of Alfred and Emily, where she deleted the war which was considered to destroy the life of her parents, as well as she deleted Lessing herself by marrying her parents to different people. Lessing seems to write about her father in “My Father” and Alfred Emily, but nevertheless the story is about herself as a secondary or vicarious victim in the family trauma. This is why she has been writing about her parents not only unconsciously but also consciously all her life.
참고문헌 (28)
- 박하정, "외상적 실재의 귀환과 서사: 포크너의 「압살롬, 압살롬」, in 「트라우마와 소설」" (2012), 한국근대소설학회
- 왕은철, "애도애찬" (2012), 현대문학
- 정혜옥, "지젝의 트라우마와 필경사 바틀비, In 트라우마와 소설" (2012), 한국근대소설학회
- 허먼, 주디스, "트라우마" (2007), 플래닛
- Barrett, Deidre, "Trauma and Dreams" (1996), Harvard UP
- Caruth, Cathy, "Trauma: Explorations in Memory" (1995), Johns Hopkins UP
- Davies, Jody Messler, "Dissociation, Repression and Reality Testing in the Counter Transference, In Memories of Sexual Betrayal: Truth, Fantasy, Repression and Dissociation", pp.45~76 (1997), Jason Aronson Inc
- Freud, S, "Mourning and Melancholia, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement, Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works", 237~258 (1917)
- Gee, Maggie, "Alfred and Emily", The Sunday Times, 1~2 (2008)
- Greene, Gayle, "Doris Lessing: The Poetics of Change" (1994), Michigan UP
- Hanley, Lynn, "Sleeping with the Enemy: Doris Lessing in the Century of Destruction , In The Columbia History of the British Novel", pp.918~938 (1994), Columbia UP
- Ingersoll, Earl G, "Doris Lessing: Conversations" (1994), Ontario Review Press
- James, Caryn, "They may not mean to, but They do", The New York Times, 1~3 (2008)
- Kaplan, E. Ann, "Trauma Culture" (2005), Rutgers UP
- Kardiner, A, "War, Stress, and Neurotic Illness" (1947), Hoeber
- Klein, Carole, "Doris Lessing: A Biography" (2000), Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc
- Lessing, Doris, "Alfred and Emily" (2009), Harper Perennial
- Lessing, Doris, "My Father, In A Small Personal Voice" (1975), Random House
- Lessing, Doris, "The Grass is Singing" (2007), Harper Perennial
- Lessing, Doris, "Under My Skin" (1994), HarperCollins Publishers
- Lessing, Doris, "Walking in the Shade" (1997), HarperCollins Publishers
- Luhrmann, T. M, "The Traumatized Social Self: The Parsi Predicament in Modern Bombay", Publications- Society for Psychological Anthropology, 11, pp.158~193 (2000)
- McCann, I. L, "Vicarious Traumatization: A Framework for Understanding the Psychological Effects of Working with Victims", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), pp.131~149 (1990)
- Rubenstein, Roberta, "The Novelistic Vision of Doris Lessing" (1979), Illinois UP
- Saxton, Ruth, "Sex Over Sixty? From Love, Again to The Sweetest Dream", Doris Lessing Studies, 24(1,2), pp.44~47 (2004)
- Schlueter, Paul, "Introduction, In A Small Personal Voice" (1975), Random House
- Vickroy, Laurie, "Trauma and Survival in Contemporary Fiction" (2002), Virginia UP
- Warnock, Jeanie, "Unlocking the Prison of the Past: Childhood Trauma and Narrative in The Memoirs of a Survivor", Doris Lessing Studies, 23(2), pp.12~16 (2004)