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중환자실 생존자의 외상 후 스트레스장애 발생정도와 영향요인

Influential Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of Intensive Care Units

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초록

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 중환자실 생존자의 외상 후 스트레스장애의 발생정도와 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 이 연구는 자가 보고식 설문지와 의무기록을 이용한 후향적 관찰연구이다. 연구 대상자는 중환자실에 72시간 이상 입원한 후 퇴원한 자들 중 연구 참여에 동의를 한 자로 총 128명 이었다. 외상 후 스트레스장애는 한국판 외상 후 스트레스 진단 척도(PDS-K)를 사용하여 20점 이상을 외상 후 스트레스장애로 정의하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술 통계, Mann-Whitney U 검정, Kruskal-Wallis 검정, 감마 회귀 분석 등으로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 연구대상자는 128명이었으며, 이들의 평균연령은 58.3±11.7세였고, 대상자의 39.1%(50명)는 여성이었다. 중환자실 평균 재실기간은 8.43±8.09일이었으며, 이 중 9.4%(12명)가 외상 후 스트레스장애로 나타났다. 외상 후 스트레스장애의 영향요인을 확인하기 위하여 감마 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 정신과 병력(B=1.09, p=.002), APACHEII 점수(B=.04, p=.005), 심폐소생술 경험여부 (B=1.65, p=.017)와 억제대 적용여부(B=.68, p=.049)가 외상 후 스트레스장애의 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 즉 정신과 병력이 있으며, APACHEII 점수가 높고, 심폐소생술을 받고, 억제대를 적용한 경우에 외상 후 스트레스 증상 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 간호사는 중환자실 생존자들의 외상 후 스트레스장애에 관심을 가져야 하고 이에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인을 확인할 필요가 있다. 중환자실 생존자의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 외상 후 스트레스장애를 사정하고 예방하기 위한 중환자 관리 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and associated factors with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in patients with intensive care units (ICU) admission experience. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study using self-reporting questionnaire. Patients who were admitted to ICU more than 72 hours and agreed to participate were enrolled in this study. PTSD were assessed by Korean version of post-traumatic diagnosis scale, and PTSD was defined as 20 points or more. Medical records of participants were reviewed to identify influencing factors of PTSD. To analyzed the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and gamma regression were utilized using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: A total of 128 patients participated in the study. Mean age of participants was 58.3±11.7 years and 50 patients (39.1%) were female. Mean duration of ICU stay was 8.43±8.09 days and PTSD was diagnosed in 12 patients (9.4%). In the results of a Gamma regression analysis, Psychiatric history (B=1.09, p=.002), APACHEII score (B=.04, p=.005), CPR experience (B=1.65, p=.017) and physical restraint (B=.68, p=.049) were independently associated with PTSD occurrence. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a various factors influencing PTSD should be identified to prevent PTSD in patients who requires ICU care. In addition, post-ICU care programs are required to assess and reduce PTSD.

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