거짓말을 반대한 아우구스티누스
Augustine Against Lying
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아우구스티누스는 자신의 작품 『거짓말』 (De Mendacio)과 『거짓말 반박』 (Contra Medacium)에서 거짓말을 철저하게 배격한다. 그는 어떤 형태든지 거짓말은 죄가 된다고 주장한다. 첫째로 아우구스티누스는 성경을 근거로 하여 거짓말을 반박한다. 성경은 거짓말하지 말라는 명백한 명령을 제시한다출 20:16; 시 5:6; 엡 4:25). 아우구스티누스는 이러한 명령들을 토대로 하여, 구체적인 사례들을 연구한다. 그는 대표적으로 출애굽기 1장에 나오는 히브리 산파들과 여호수아 2장에 나오는 라합에 대한 예들은 거짓말을 옹호하지 않는다고 주장한다. 그에 따르면, 구약과 신약의 다양한 예들 가운데 거짓말을 허용하는 예는 없다. 둘째로 아우구스티누스는 다양한 신학적이고 논리적 근거를 제시하면서 거짓말을 반박한다. 만일 작은 거짓말을 허용하면 더 큰 거짓말 역시 허용하게 될 것이다. 간음을 허용할 수 없다면 거짓말 역시 허용할 수 없는데, 둘 다 십계명에서 금지하기 때문이다. 아우구스티누스는 거짓말의 종류를 8가지로 나누었는데, 신자는 그 어떤 거짓말이라도 일률적으로 혐오해야 한다고 주장한다. 그는 구체적 사례를 통해서 가장 지혜로운 행동을 제시하고, 하나님과 영원과 종말의 관점에서 이 문제에 접근하기를 촉구한다. 그는 자신들의 대의를 위해 거짓말을 사용했던 이단 프리스킬리아누스주의의 행태는 반박되어야지 모방되어서는 안된다고 주장한다. 거짓말에 대한 성경적이며, 목회적이고, 실천적인 그의 이론은 항구적인 윤리적 의의를 지닌다.
Abstract
In his treatises Lying (De mendacio) and Against Lying (Contra mendacium), Augustine vehemently denounces lying. He contends that any act of lying is morally wrong. Initially, Augustine rebuts lying by citing biblical passages. Scriptural injunctions expressly forbid lying (Ex. 20:16; Ps. 5:6; Eph. 4:25). Augustine extrapolates from these directives by analyzing specific instances. He posits that narratives involving the Hebrew midwives in Exodus 1 and Rahab in Joshua 2 do not endorse lying. According to Augustine, none of the instances recounted in the Old or New Testaments sanction lying. Additionally, Augustine discredits lying on theological and logical grounds. He argues that permitting minor falsehoods paves the way for more significant untruths. Just as one cannot condone adultery, one cannot condone lying, as both transgress the Decalogue. Augustine delineates eight distinct forms of lying and contends that believers should uniformly reject them all. He advocates for the most prudent course of action through illustrative examples, urging individuals to approach the issue within the framework of God, eternity, and the eschaton. Augustine is convinced that the practices of the heretical Priscillianists, who used lying to advance their cause, should be refuted, not emulated. His comprehensive theological, pastoral, and practical examination of lying yields enduring ethical ramifications.
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