Salty taste test for a low-salt diet to control blood pressure

Abstract

Background Reducing salt intake helps prevent complications of cerebrovascular disease. To help patients accept a low‑sodium diet, the salty taste test is used to evaluate how much salt an individual actually consumes. The aim of this study was to help patients with hypertension reduce their salt intake by helping them recognize the difference between their subjective perception of saltiness and the objective test results. Methods We enrolled workers who visited a local occupational health institution in the period from April to August 2019. Demographic and physical characteristics were recorded. Blood pressure measurement and use of medication were also recorded. A questionnaire was used to investigate whether people liked or disliked salty food, i.e., preference for saltiness, and whether they usually ate salty, normal, or fresh food, i.e., the subjective perception of saltiness. Subsequently, the taste determination kit provided by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety was used to objectively test saltiness at various salty taste concentrations. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety program (No. 10‑093760) was used as the salty taste judgment tool. Results A total of 86 workers were surveyed. Eleven of 18 workers (61.1%) who reported usually eating fresh food actually ate normal or salty food. Thirteen of 37 workers (35.1%) who reported eating normal food actually ate salty food. Thirteen of 31 workers (41.9%) who reported eating salty food actually ate fresh or normal food. Of 46 workers who reported disliking salty food, 14 (30.4%) actually ate salty food, while 20 (43.5%) ate normal food. The subjective perception and preference for saltiness were not significantly correlated with the objective test results (P =0.085 and P = 0.110, respectively). As for the subjective perception and preference for saltiness, Cohen’s weighted kappa for the taste judgment result were 0.23 and 0.22, respectively, indicating a low degree of agreement. Conclusions In dietary counseling to prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, rather than relying on the subjective perception of saltiness, a salty taste test should be performed such that people can recognize their salty food eating habits through objective evaluation.