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중환자실 간호사의 외상사건 경험과 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인: 인지정서조절, 자기노출, 정서적 지지

Traumatic Events and Factors Influencing Post-Traumatic Growth in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Self-Exposure, and Emotional Support

김희주|최민지
병원간호사회 (Hospital Nurses Association)|2024.12|임상간호연구 (Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research)|제30권 제3호|pp. 294-303|DOI 10.22650/JKCNR.2024.30.3.294

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외상 후 성장인지정서조절간호사NursesEmotional SupportPosttraumatic Growth중환자실정서적지지Intensive Care UnitsCognitive Emotion Regulation
주제분류간호학

초록

목적: 본 연구는 외상사건을 경험한 중환자실 간호사의 외상사건을 파악하고, 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 대상자는 서울 소재 1개의 C대학교 병원과 경기도 소재 1개의 C대학교 병원 중환자실에서 근무하는 중환자실 간호사 136명이다. 자료는 2021년 4월 15일부터 28일까지 외상사건 경험, 외상 후 성장, 인지정서조절, 자기노출, 정서적 지지에 대한 설문지를 이용하여 수집하였다. 자료는 SPSS/WIN 2.0 프로그램을 이용하여 Independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffé test, multiple Regression Analysis로 분석하였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 중환자실 간호사의 외상 후 성장에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 적응적 인지정서조절, 동료의 정서적 지지, 기혼자로 나타났으며 설명력은 22.0%였다. 중환자실 간호사가 가장 많이 경험하는 외상사건은 ‘비정상적인 행동을 보이는 환자의 간호’, ‘임종 및 임종 후 간호’, ‘지속적인 처치에도 불구하고 환자를 소생시키지 못한 경우’순이었다. 가장 고통을 많이 주는 사건은 ‘보호자의 언어 또는 신체적 폭력’, 다음으로 ‘의사의 언어 또는 신체적 폭력’ 순이었다. 논의: 적응적 인지정서조절을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하고, 외상사건을 경험한 중환자실 간호사에게 적용하여 외상 후 성장을 향상시키도록 해야 한다. 더불어 외상사건을 줄이려는 병원의 시스템적 노력과 중환자실에서 자주 발생하는 환자들의 비정상적인 행동에 대처하는 벙법에 대해 프로토콜을 마련하고 간호사를 교육하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 외상사건을 경험한 간호사에게 동료들이 정서적 지지를 북돋울 수 있는 병원 문화와 환경을 조성하여 외상 후 성장을 향상시키도록 해야 한다.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and types of traumatic events experienced by intensive care unit nurses and to identify factors affecting their post-traumatic growth. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. A total of 136 intensive care unit nurses, were participated. Data were collected at two university hospitals from April 15 to 28, 2021 using questionnaires on trauma event experience, post-traumatic growth, cognitive emotion regulation, self-exposure, and emotional support. The data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The main influencing factors of post-traumatic growth in intensive care unit nurses were using adaptive cognitive emotion regulation, having higher peer emotional support, and being married, which accounted for 22.4% of the explained variance. The most common traumatic events were ‘caring for patients with abnormal behavior,’ ‘providing end-of-life and postmortem care,’ and ‘failing to resuscitate patients despite ongoing treatment.’ The most distressful traumatic events was ‘verbal or physical violence of the patient’s family’. Conclusion: The intervention strategies to foster adaptive cognitive emotion regulation and to create a supportive peer environment could help intensive care unit nurses to achieve post traumatic growth after experiencing traumatic events.

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