결과에 대한 지식의 상대적 빈도와 지연간격유형이 운동학습애 미치는 영향 벼교

Abstract

Several studies have evaluated the effects of types of relative frequency and delay interval ofknowledge of resultsO<R) on IIlOtor skill learning independently. The purpose of this study wasto detennine more effective types of KR relative frequency and KR delay interval for IIlOtorlearning. Forty-six healthy subjects (15 female, 31 male) with no previous experience with this experiment participated. the subjects ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (mean=23.9， SD=0.474), All subjects were assigned to one of four groups: a high-instant group, a high-delaygroup, a low-instant group, and a low-delay group. During the acquisition phase, subjects practiced movements to a target (400 mm) with either a high (83%) or low (33%) KR relative frequency, and with either an instantaneous or delayed (after 8s) KR. Four groups wereevaluated on retention (after 3min and 24hr) and transfer (450 mm) tests. The major findings were as follows: (1) there were no between-group differences in acquisition and short-tennretention (p > 0,(6), (2) a low (33%) KR relative frequency during practice was as effective for learning as measured by both long-tenn retention and transfer tests, compared with high (83%)KR practice conditions (p<O.05), (3) delayed (8s) KR enhanced learning as measured by both llong-term retention and transfer tests, compared with instantaneous KR practice conditions (p <0.05), and (4) there were no interactions between KR relative frequency and KR delay intervalduring acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. The results suggest that relatively lessfrequent and delayed KR are more effective types for motor leaming tl1an more frequent andinstantaneous KR.