심장 반응 동기화를 이용한 공감 인식 방법
Empathy recognition method using synchronization of heart response
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초록
공감은 사회관계의 중요한 요소로, 소통 및 과제 수행의 효율을 증가시킨다. 타인과의 상호작용에서 공감하기 위해 상대방의 얼굴 표정, 말투, 움직임 등을 무의식적으로 모방을 한다. 이 때 생리 반응인 심장 반응도 동기화 되는 현상을 보인다. 따라서 본 연구는 두 사람 사이의 심장 리듬 동기화를 통해 공감의 유무를 객관적이고 정량적으로 인식하는 규칙을 정의하고자 한다. 피험자 74명은 두 명씩 그룹을 지어 공감을 유발하는 표정 모방 과제를 수행하며 심전도(electrocardiogram, ECG)를 측정하였다. 공감 유무에 따른 두 사람의 심장 리듬의 동기화를 확인하기 위해 심장 리듬 패턴(heart rhythm pattern, HRP)과 일관성(heart rhythm coherence, HRC) 신호에서 정량적으로 분석 가능한 지표들을 추출하였고 독립 표본 t검증을 통해 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 공감하는 경우 심장 리듬 패턴과 일관성에서 두 신호의 상관계수(correlation, r)가 공감하지 않는 경우보다 유의미하게 높았고, SDNN(the standard deviation of NN intervals) 차이와 우세한 피크의 주파수 차이는 유의미하게 낮은 형태를 보이며 동기화되었다. 공감도 규칙은 통계적으로 유의한 지표로 단계적 판별 분석을 수행하여 정의하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 공감도 규칙을 직무, 인사 관리에 활용한다면 어떤 구성원들 사이에서 공감이 잘 일어나는지 정량적 판단이 가능해 효율적인 팀구성이 가능할 것이다.
Abstract
Empathy has been observed to be important of enhancing both social relations and the efficiency of task performance. Empathical interaction has been originated from imitating facial expression, vocal tone, action, and so on between persons. Internal responses of the cardiovascular activity has been also synchronized between them. The study was to define objective and quantitative rule of empathy related to synchronization of cardiac rhythm between persons. The seventy-four subjects participated in the study and were paired to imitate facial expressions each other. The electrocardiogram(ECG) was measured during the task. To determine difference of synchronization of heart rhythm between two person for empathy, quantitative indicators were extracted from heart rhythm pattern(HRP) and heart rhythm coherence(HRC). Statistical significance was confirmed by the independent sample t-test. Correlation(r) between persons in HRP and HRC has been increased significantly with empathy significantly than non-empathy, while one of the difference of the standard deviation of NN intervals(SDNN) and dominant peak frequency decreased. Therefore, the significant parameters has been proposed to evaluate empathy by step-wise discrimination analysis. Empathical interaction may be managed and monitored for high quality social interaction and communication.
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