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감정노동자들의 부정적 정서가 정서소진에 미치는 영향: 정서조절의 매개효과를 조절하는 상황 요인 검증

The Effects of the Negative Affectivity of Emotional Laborers on Their Emotional Exhaustion: Situational Characteristics Moderating the Mediation Effect of Emotion Regulation

김민영|한규은
한국감성과학회 (The Korean Society For Emotion & Sensibility)|2019.12|감성과학 (Science of Emotion & Sensibility)|제22권 제4호|pp. 45-56|DOI https://doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2019.22.4.45

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키워드

조절된 매개효과Moderated Mediation인지적 재평가정서적 소진Emotional Exhaustion고객 불만Cognitive Reappraisal감정 노동자정서의 강도Emotion LaborersIntensity of EmotionsNegative Comments from Customers
주제분류감성과학

초록

정서조절은 정서와 관련된 개인차 요인이 개인의 정서 생활 및 행동에 미치는 영향을 매개하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 기존 매개모델에 상황 요인을 추가하여 상황에 따라 정서조절의 매개효과가 변화하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 다양한 직종에서 고객응대를 주 업무로 하고 있는 180명의 감정노동자를 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 감정 노동자의 일상적 부정정서, 인지적 재평가, 정서적 소진, 본인이 경험하는 고객 불만의 강도 등을 측정하였다. 조절된 매개효과를 알아보기 위하여 조건적 간접효과를 분석한 결과, 고객 불만의 강도가 높은 상황에서는 부정정서가 인지 적 재평가를 매개로 하여 정서적 소진에 미치는 간접효과가 정적으로 유의하였으나 고객 불만의 강도가 낮은 상황에 서는 해당 간접효과가 부적으로 유의하였다. 이는 높은 강도의 부정정서 유발 상황에서는 인지적 재평가의 매개효과를 통해 감정노동자의 정서적 소진이 감소될 수 있지만, 낮은 강도의 부정적서 유발 상황에서는 인지적 재평가의 매개효과를 통해 정서적 소진이 증가될 수도 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 정서조절 연구에 있어 개인차적 인 측면과 상황적 측면이 통합적으로 고려되어야 함을 강조하며, 감정노동자 직군의 정서적 특수성에 대한 정보를 제공한다.

Abstract

The regulation of emotion is known to mediate the relationship between emotion-relevant differences in individuals and their life outcomes. This study attempted to include a situational factor in addition to the mediation model and investigated whether this conditional component changed the patterns of indirect effects. The researchers recruited 180 emotional laborers working in diverse domains and used a questionnaire to ascertain their negative affectivity, cognitive reappraisal, emotional exhaustion, and the intensity of negative comments they usually received from customers. The results of the conditional indirect effect analysis revealed the positive indirect influence of negative affectivity on emotional exhaustion through cognitive reappraisal when emotional labors receive highly negative comments from customers (high intensity of the situation). Similarly, negative indirect effects were found when emotional labors receive slightly negative comments from customers (low intensity of the situation). The outcomes of this study suggest that cognitive reappraisal can mediate to decrease emotional exhaustion in contexts that arouse more intensive negative emotions; it can also mediate to increase emotional exhaustion in contexts that arouse less intensive negative emotions. The implications of this study include the importance of integrating individual differences with situational factors. The study also provides information about the distinctiveness of groups of emotional laborers.

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