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세계금융위기 이후 영국과 스웨덴 복지정책의 변화: 복지정치의 두 가지

The Transformation of Welfare Policy in Great Britain and Sweden after the Global Financial Crisis: Two Ways of the Welfare Politics

서재욱|김윤태
한국유럽학회 (The Korean Society Of Contemporary European Studies)|2014.12|유럽연구 (The Journal of Contemporary European Studies)|제32권 제4호|pp. 239-278|DOI 10.17052/jces.2014.32.4.239

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키워드

정당복지국가Welfare StateGlobal Financial Crisis세계금융위기정치제도긴축Austerity복지제도Political Party복지태도Welfare AttitudeWelfare Institution
주제분류지역학

초록

이 논문은 세계금융위기를 전후하여 집권에 성공한 영국과 스웨덴의 중도우파 정부의복지정책을 비교하고, 서로 다른 정책을 선택한 원인을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 복지제도의 특성과 대중의 복지태도가 서로 다른 정책 결정에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 보편적 제도의 비중이 높은 스웨덴에서는 복지국가에 대한 대중적인 지지가 높아 중도우파 정부가 집권해도 복지축소의 정치를 추진하기 어려웠다. 반면에 선별적 제도의 비중이 높은 영국의 경우 실업자와 빈곤층에 대한 대중의 인식이 매우 부정적이어서 복지축소의 정치를 추진하기가 보다 용이했다. 이러한 분석 결과는 세계 금융위기이후 사회정책의 변화가 경제 조건에 따라 결정되는 것이 아니라 경제적 논리와 정치적논리의 상호 작용을 통해 다양한 특성을 보인다는 이론적 함의를 제공한다.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the cause & effect of the welfare policies ofcenter-right government of Britain & Sweden after the world financial crisis. This article focuses on the characteristics of welfare institutions & the theireffect of public attitudes toward welfare on public policy making process. According to International Social Survey Project (ISSP) & European SocialSurvey (ESS) data, Sweden shows strong political support for the welfare stateso that the center-right government had difficulty in pursuing the politics ofwelfare retrenchment. In contrast, Britain shows negative attitudes toward thewelfare state, the unemployed & the poor. We argue that universal welfarepolicy influenced the public attitudes toward the welfare state. This analysissuggests that the changes of social policy in advanced industrial countries arenot simply decided by the economic conditions but seriously influenced by theinterconnected structure of economic logic & political logic.

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