무료함, 통증, 그리고 놀람 정서 간 자율신경계 반응의 차이
Difference of Autonomic Nervous System Responses among Boredom, Pain, and Surprise
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초록
최근 HCI 분야에서 정서 인식은 정서 지능을 구현하기 위한 핵심적인 단계 중의 하나이다. 생체신호를 이용하여 정서 인식을 시도하는 연구들이 시도되고 있으나, 기본 정서 이외의 다른 정서에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 무료함, 통증, 그리고 놀람의 세 가지 정서 간 자율신경계 반응의 차이를 확인하는 것이다. 실험자는 217명의 실험참여자(남 96명)들을 대상으로 시/청각 자극을 조합하여 무료함과 놀람 정서를 유발하였고, 혈압기를 이용하여 통증 정서를 유발하였다. 정서 자극이 제시되는 동안 피부전기활동, 피부온도, 심전도와 광혈량도를 측정하였고, 실험참여자들이 경험한 정서 범주와 강도를 정서평가척도 상에 평정하게 하였다. 정서 자극에 대한 평가 결과, 사용된 정서 자극은 평균 92.5%의 적합성과 5.43의 효과성을 보였는데, 이는 각 정서 자극이 해당 정서를 효과적으로 유발한 것을 의미한다. 자율신경계 측정 결과, 피부전기활동, 피부온도, 심박률, 심박률의 저주파수 성분과 평균 혈류량은 안정 상태와 정서 상태 간의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 각 정서에 의해 유발된 자율신경계 반응은 정서 간에도 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정서이론의 확장과 자율신경계 반응 측정 지표를 활용하여 정서를 인식하는 알고리즘 및 인간 정서를 변별하는 컴퓨터 시스템 개발에 응용 가능할 것이다.
Abstract
Recently in HCI research, emotion recognition is one of the core processes to implement emotional intelligence. There are many studies using bio signals in order to recognize human emotions, but it has been done merely for the basic emotions and very few exists for the other emotions. The purpose of present study is to confirm the difference of autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in three emotions (boredom, pain, and surprise). There were totally 217 of participants (male 96, female 121), we presented audio-visual stimulus to induce boredom and surprise, and pressure by using the sphygmomanometer for pain. During presented emotional stimuli, we measured electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), electrocardiac activity (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), besides; we required them to classify their present emotion and its intensity according to the emotion assessment scale. As the results of emotional stimulus evaluation, emotional stimulus which we used was shown to mean 92.5% of relevance and 5.43 of efficiency; this inferred that each emotional stimulus caused its own emotion quite effectively. When we analyzed the results of the ANS response which had been measured, we ascertained the significant difference between the baseline and emotional state on skin conductance response, SKT, heart rate, low frequency and blood volume pulse amplitude. In addition, the ANS response caused by each emotion had significant differences among the emotions. These results can probably be able to use to extend the emotion theory and develop the algorithm in recognition of three kinds of emotions (boredom, surprise, and pain) by response measurement indicators and be used to make applications for differentiating various human emotions in computer system.
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