정서적 인지적 공감이 행복감에 미치는 영향: 인지적 재평가의 매개효과
The Effect of Emotional and Cognitive Empathy on Happiness: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Reappraisal
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 목적은 정서적 인지적 공감 요인으로서 공감적 관여와 조망수용이 행복감을 예측하는지를 확인하고, 그 과정에 인지적 정서조절 기제인 인지적 재평가가 매개하는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 336명의 대한민국 성인 남녀를 대상으로 공감적 관여, 조망수용, 인지적 재평가, 행복감을 포함한 설문을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 공감적 관여와 조 망수용은 모두 인지적 재평가, 행복감과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였고, 인지적 재평가 역시 행복감과 유의한 정적 상관 을 보였다. 또한 매개분석 결과, 인지적 재평가는 공감적 관여와 행복감 간의 관계는 물론 조망수용과 행복감 간의 관계 사이에서 유의한 수준으로 매개효과를 보였다. 구체적으로, 타인에게 정서적으로 공감하고 또한 인지적으로 이 해하고 수용하는 사람들은 정서조절 장면에서 자신에게 처한 상황을 다시 바라보고 재평가하는 경향이 있어, 이는 궁극적으로 행복감으로 이어지는 것이다. 이 결과는 개인이 행복한 삶을 영위하기 위해 삶을 넓은 시각으로 보아야 하며 여기에 타인에 대한 공감이 기여하게 된다는 점을 보여준 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 시사점과 한계점이 함께 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study seeks to verify how empathic concern and perspective-taking predict happiness by investigating the mediating effects of cognitive reappraisal. Online surveys about empathic concern, perspective-taking, cognitive reappraisal, and happiness were conducted by 336 adult subjects. First, the correlation analysis indicated that empathic concern and perspective-taking significantly predicted cognitive reappraisal and happiness, respectively. Second, cognitive reappraisal also significantly predicted happiness. Third, the cognitive reappraisal mediated the association between empathic concern and happiness and between perspective-taking and happiness. Specifically, people who emotionally and cognitively empathize with others reported higher levels of cognitive reappraisal, which allowed them to experience higher levels of happiness. These findings have confirmed that people can increase their happiness by enhancing cognitive reappraisal through emotional and cognitive empathy. Finally, the implications and limitations of the present research are discussed.
참고문헌 (64)
- netoli, C, "Empathic networks: Symbolic and subsymbolic representations in the intersubjective field", Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22(5), pp.740~765 (2002)
- 배유림, "어머니의 정서사회화 행동이 아동의 정서조절방략에 미치는 영향: 공감의 매개효과", 정서·행동장애연구, 31(3), pp.229~249 (2015), 한국정서행동장애학회
- Baltes, P. B, "The fascination of wisdom : Its nature, ontogeny, and function", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(1), pp.56~64 (2008)
- Batson, C. D, "Advances in experimental social psychology", pp.65~122 (1987), Academic
- Batson, C. D, "Oxford handbook of positive psychology", pp.485~498 (2002), Oxford University Press
- Batson, C. D, "Empathy and attitudes: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group improve feelings toward the group?", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), pp.105~118 (1997)
- Blanchet, R, "Empathy as the opposite of egocentrism : Why the simulation theory and the direct perception theory of empathy fail", Topoi, 39(4), pp.751~759 (2020)
- Brewer, S. K, "Longitudinal impacts of emotion regulation on emerging adults : Variable-and person-centered approaches", Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 47, pp.1~12 (2016)
- Caprara, G. V, "Positivity : The dispositional basis of happiness", Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), pp.353~371 (2017)
- 장희선, "영유아교사의 정서지능과 의사소통능력이 행복감에 미치는 영향: 의사소통능력의 매개효과", 열린유아교육연구, 22(1), pp.303~323 (2017), 한국열린유아교육학회[DOI]
- 조혜경, "청소년이 지각하는 공감능력, 또래지지가 행복감에 미치는 영향", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 22(5), pp.136~142 (2021), 한국산학기술학회[DOI]
- Cho, M. H, "Egocentric group’s characteristics of personality and adaptation aspects according to approach and avoid motivation", master, pp.2009
- 조명현, "특성분노와 공격성 간의 관계에서 공감적 관여와 조망수용의 조절효과", 감성과학, 24(1), pp.45~58 (2021), 한국감성과학회[DOI]
- Choi, D, "Relationships between trait empathy and psychological well-being in Japanese university students", Psychology, 7(9), pp.1240~ (2016)
- Choi, M. J, "A Comparative Study on the Empathic Ability and Job Satisfaction of Psychiatric Nurses and General Ward Nurses", master, pp.2005
- 천경주, "교대근무 간호사와 비교대근무 간호사의 공감수준이 삶의 만족도와 직무만족도에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 17(3), pp.261~273 (2017), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- Collins, A. L, "Flow and happiness in later life : An investigation into the role of daily and weekly flow experiences", Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(6), pp.703~719 (2009)
- Costa, P. T, "Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being:Happy and unhappy people", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(4), pp.668~678 (1980)
- Davis, M. H, "A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy", JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, pp.85~ (1980)
- Davis, M. H, "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), pp.113~126 (1983)
- Davis, M. H, "Empathy: A social psychological approach" (1994), Westview Press
- Decety, J, "Human empathy through the lens of social neuroscience", The Scientific World Journal, 6, pp.1146~1163 (2006)
- DeNeve, K, "Happy as an extraverted clam? The role of personality for subjective well-being", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(5), pp.141~144 (1999)
- Dryman, M. T, "Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: A systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal", Clinical Psychology Review, 65, pp.17~42 (2018)
- Eisenberg, N, "The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors", Psychological Bulletin, 101, pp.91~119 (1987)
- Fosha, D. E, "The healing power of emotion: Affective neuroscience, development & clinical practice" (2009), WW Norton & Company
- Galinsky, A. D, "Perspectivetaking:Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and ingroup favoritism", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), pp.708~724 (2000)
- Garnefski, N, "Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems", Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), pp.1311~1327 (2001)
- Gross, J. J, "Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), pp.348~362 (2003)
- Grühn, D, "Empathy across the adult lifespan : Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings", Emotion, 8(6), pp.753~765 (2008)
- Haga, S. M, "Emotion regulation : Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples", Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), pp.271~291 (2009)
- Hamilton, S. F, "The impact of volunteer experience on adolescent social development:Evidence of program effects", Journal of Adolescent Research, 3(1), pp.65~80 (1988)
- Hayes, A. D, "An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach" (2013), Guilford
- Hoffman, M. L, "Empathy and moral development, implications for caring and justice" (2000), Cambridge University Press
- Hu, T, "Relation between emotion regulation and mental health: A meta-analytic review", Psychological Reports, 114(2), pp.341~362 (2014)
- Hughes, E. K, "Emotional functioning in children and adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms", Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(3), pp.335~345 (2011)
- Jee, M. J, "The Mediating Effects of Perspectivetaking Ability in the Relations between Adult Attachment and Conflict Resolution Strategies of Premarital Couples", master, pp.2014
- Johnson, D. W, "The distribution and exchange of information in problem-solving dyads", Communication Research, 4(3), pp.283~298 (1977)
- 김은주, "소비자 공감과 메시지 전략", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 13(4), pp.729~750 (2012), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
- 김현희, "공감모듈과 긍정심리자본이 직무만족과 행복에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 30(2), pp.247~273 (2017), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- Kramer, D. A, "Relativistic and dialectical thought in three adult age-groups", Human Development, 29(5), pp.280~290 (1986)
- Langer, E. J, "The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged:A field experiment in an institutional setting", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(2), pp.191~198 (1976)
- Lee, H. S, "Relationship of empathy to appraisal, depression, life satisfaction, and physical health in informal caregivers of older adults", Research in Nursing &Health, 24(1), pp.44~56 (2001)
- Lee, S. E, "Relationships among receiving and providing help, empathy, and emotions", master, pp.2009
- Long, E. C, "Perspective-taking differences between high-and low-adjustment marriages: Implications for those in intervention", American Journal of Family Therapy, 21(3), pp.248~259 (1993)
- Long, E. C, "Perspective taking as a predictor of marital adjustment", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(1), pp.126~131 (1990)
- Lucas, R. E, "Explaining the extraversion", positive affect relation : Sociability cannot account for extraverts' greater happiness, 2008, pp.76(3), 385~414
- Martini, T. S, "Effects of interpersonal control, perspective taking, and attributions on older mothers' and adult daughters' satisfaction with their helping relationships", Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), pp.688~705 (2001)
- Maslow, A. H, "A theory of human motivation", Psychological Review, 50(4), pp.370~396 (1943)
- Meeks, B. S, "Communication, love and relationship satisfaction", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(6), pp.755~773 (1998)
- Moore, S. A, "Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms?", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(9), pp.993~1000 (2008)
- Park, D. H, "The Mediating Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies on the Relationships between Children's Empathic Ability and Peer Relationship", master, pp.2012
- Park, J-S, "The relationships among fifth graders'empathy, peer relationship, and self-regulation", master, pp.2010
- Paro, H. B, "Empathy among medical students: Is there a relation with quality of life and burnout?", PloS one, 9(4), pp.e94133~ (2014)
- Piaget, J, "Part I : Cognitive development in children : Piaget development and learning", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), pp.176~186 (1964)
- Preston, S. D, "Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25(1), pp.1~72 (2002)
- Schimmack, U, "Personality and life satisfaction : A facetlevel analysis", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), pp.1062~1075 (2004)
- Shon, J-M, "Individual differences in two regulation strategies: cognitive reappraiser vs. emotion suppressor", master, pp.2005
- 소영호, "생활체육 참가자의 공감능력이 회복탄력성과 행복에 미치는 영향", 한국체육학회지, 53(1), pp.167~180 (2014), 한국체육학회
- 서은국, "단축형 행복 척도(COMOSWB) 개발 및 타당화", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 25(1), pp.95~113 (2011), 한국사회및성격심리학회[DOI]
- Wei, M, "Attachment, self‐compassion, empathy, and subjective well‐being among college students and community adults", Journal of Personality, 79(1), pp.191~221 (2011)
- Wilhelm, M. O, "Helping behavior, dispositional empathic concern, and the principle of care", Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(1), pp.11~32 (2010)
- Wiseman, T, "Toward a holistic conceptualization of empathy for nursing practice", Advances in Nursing Science, 30(3), pp.E61~E72 (2007)
- Zhou, Q, "Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures", pp.269~284 (2003), American Psychological Association
