젖소의 고능력우와 저능력우간의 우유 성분 및 혈중 대사물질 특성 비교
Comparison of Milk Composition and Blood Metabolites Between High and Low Milk Producing Cows
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본 연구에서는 일일 유량을 기준으로 구분된 고저 두 집단에 대하여 유량, 체세포 수, 비유기, 산차 등이 우유 및 혈중 대사물질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다.유량에 따른 고저 두 집단으로 구분하기 위하여 일일 평균 산유량(23.2±6.8kg)에서 표준편차를 뺀 17kg과 29kg의 집단으로 구분하였고, 산차는 3산차 이상은 제외하였다. 체세포 수는 1×105cells/ml 이하와 1~7×105cells/ml으로 구분하였고 7×105cells/ml 이상은 제외하였다. 비유기는 분만 후 에너지 수급의 불균형이 크게 나타나는 비유초기인 80일까지, 비유 중기인 81~180일, 비유 말기 181~305일로 간주하였으며 306일 이상은 제외하였다.우유 및 혈중 대사물질에 대한 산차, 유기, 체세포 수 및 유량의 영향을 알기 위하여 분석한 결과, 체세포 수의 고저 집단에 대한 BUN, MUN, glucose에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 고저유량 집단에서는 BUN과 glucose이 영향을 받았으며(p<0.01), 산차에 대하여는 glucose가 영향을 받았다(p<0.05). 체세포 수에 대하여는 백혈구와 림프구가 영향을 받았으며(p<0.05), 단백질에 대하여 비유기가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 최소자승 평균치에서 glucose는 2산차가 1산차에 비해 약 1.3배 정도로 높았고(p<0.05), 저유량 집단보다 고유량 집단에서 훨씬 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 백혈구와 림프구는 체세포 수가 낮은 집단보다 체세포 수가 높은 집단에서 낮게 나타났고(p<0.05) 호중성 백혈구는 1산차가 2산차 보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 우유 성분 중에서는 단백질과 총 고형분만 비유기간에 따른 차이가 있었을 뿐 기타 요인에 대하여는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때 혈중 glucose, 백혈구, 림프구 및 호중구는 유량의 고저 집단간 차이를 나타내었으나 지표로서의 활용 여부와 우유품질 및 유방염 등에 대한 효과를 구명하기 위하여 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of daily milk yield, somatic cell count(SCC), days in milk(DIM), and parity on the compositions of milk and blood in high or low producing dairy cows. To divide the high or low producing group, there were some restrictions in this study. 235 Holstein dairy cows had a average daily milk yield of 23.2±6.8kg were grouped into two classes with low producing(average daily milk 17kg) or high producing(average daily milk 29kg). The other restrictions were two parities(first and second parity), two SCC groups(under 1×105cells/ml, and 1×105 to 7×105cells/ml), and three DIM groups(under 80, 81 to 180, and 181 to 305DIM).The blood urea nitrogen(BUN), milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and glucose between two group with high and low somatic cell count were not affected by parity, DIM and SCC. But there were significantly different on BUN and glucose between high and low milk producing(p<0.01), also was different on glucose between parities(p<0.05). White blood cell(WBC) and lymphocyte were affected(p<0.05) by SCC level, protein percent was also affected by DIM(p<0.01). The least square means of protein in second parity was a 1.3 times higher than that in first parity(p<0.05), and it showed a higher level in the low producing group than the high producing group(p<0.01). WBC and lymphocyte were lower in the 1~7×105cells/ml than those under 1×105cells/ml(p<0.05). Neutrophil was a higher level in first parity than that in second parity(p<0.05). Only protein and total solid were affected by parity, the other compositions were not affected by parity, DIM, SCC and milk yields.The results suggested that significant differences were in the blood components such as glucose, WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil between high and low producing cows. The results also show that more studies are required to clarify the factors and markers related to milk yield, quality and mastitis.
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