제주 개량 흑돼지와 국내에 도입된 주요 돼지 품종의 육질 특성 및근섬유 특성 비교
Comparison of Pork Quality and Muscle Fiber Characteristics between Jeju Black Pig and Domesticated Pig Breeds
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본 연구는 제주 개량 흑돼지의 육질특성 및 근섬유 특성이 국내에 도입된 다른 품종과의 차이를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 제주 개량 흑돼지는 국내에 보급된 다른 돼지 품종보다 도체중이 작고 근내지방이 적은 특징을 나타내었다. 그러나 사후 45분 및 24시간째pH를 비롯하여 육색, 보수력 및 연도 등 육질특성에서는 다른 품종과 비슷한 수준의 결과를 나타내었다. 삼원교잡종인 LYD 품종이 비교적 등지방 두께가 얇고 근내지방 함량이 높았으며, 보수력및 육색 등에서도 좋은 품질을 나타내었고, D의 경우도 가장 좋은보수력과 연도를 나타내었는데 이러한 결과는 근섬유 특성에서도확인할 수가 있었다. 한편, M 품종은 등지방 두께가 두껍고 근내지방이 적으며, 육질 특성에서도 명도 및 육즙감량이 가장 높은 값을 나타내어 가장 좋지 못한 품질을 보였다. 제주 개량 흑돼지는재래 흑돼지가 교잡을 통해 개량된 것으로 현재 육질특성에서는 국내에 보급된 다른 품종과 비교하여 크게 나쁘지는 않으나 도체중및 근내지방 함량 등 도체특성에 대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
This study compared the pork quality and muscle fiber characteristics between the Jeju black pig(JBP) and domesticated pig breeds, including three-way crossbred(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, LYD), Berkshire(B), Duroc(D), Landrace(L), Meishan(M), and Yorkshire(Y) pigs. JBP had the lowest carcass weight among the pig breeds(p<0.05) and its NPPC marbling score was lower than the other domesticated pig breeds(p<0.05), except for M. M had the highest value for backfat thickness among the pig breeds (p<0.05), whereas its NPPC marbling score was the lowest(p<0.05). The pH values were higher in JBP and B at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively, but LYD and M had the lowest pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively (p<0.05). M had a higher lightness and lower redness than the other breeds(p<0.05). Moreover, M had the highest drip loss among the pig breeds(p<0.05), whereas D had the lowest drip loss and the highest redness(p<0.05). In terms of muscle fiber characteristics, JBP and LYD had the largest type IIB fibers(p<0.05). The fiber number and area composition of type I fibers were higher in JBP than the others(p<0.05) however type IIA fibers were lowest in JBP among the pig breeds(p<0.05). Overall, our results indicate that JBP provided better pork quality compared with M, but the carcass trait and pork quality of JBP were not better than LYD and D, respectively.
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