Effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on physiological responses, reproductive performance, blood profiles, and milk composition in primiparous sows
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The adequate intake of energy and lysine for primiparous sows are necessary for maternal growth of sows and growth of their progeny. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on primiparous sows and their progeny. A total of 48 gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace), with an initial body weight (BW) of 168.1 ± 9.71 kg and at day 35 of gestation, were allotted to eight treatment groups with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was metabolizable energy levels in diet (3,265 or 3,365 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was lysine levels in diet (gestation 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, lactation 0.70%, 0.85%, 1.00%, 1.15%). The BW gain (p = 0.07) and backfat thickness (p = 0.09) in the gestation period showed a tendency to be increased in sows fed the high-energy diets. In the lactation period, sows fed the high-energy diets tended to be greater BW (p = 0.09) and less BW loss (p = 0.05) than those of sows fed the low-energy diets. Sows fed high-energy diets had a tendency of greater piglet weight at day 21 of lactation and greater piglet weight gain (p = 0.08 and p = 0.08, respectively). Although the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was increased linearly as dietary lysine level increased at day 110 of gestation (Linear, p = 0.03), the BUN was decreased linearly as dietary lysine level increase at day 21 of lactation (Linear, p < 0.01). In the composition of colostrum, sows fed high-energy diets had greater casein, protein, total solid, solid not fat, and free fatty acid concentrations than those of sows fed low-energy diets (p < 0.05). Supplementation of total lysine 0.75% for gestation and 1.00% for lactation with 3,365 kcal of ME/kg energy level could be applied to the primiparous sows’ diet to improve performance of sows and growth of their progeny.
Abstract
The adequate intake of energy and lysine for primiparous sows are necessary for maternal growth of sows and growth of their progeny. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on primiparous sows and their progeny. A total of 48 gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace), with an initial body weight (BW) of 168.1 ± 9.71 kg and at day 35 of gestation, were allotted to eight treatment groups with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was metabolizable energy levels in diet (3,265 or 3,365 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was lysine levels in diet (gestation 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, lactation 0.70%, 0.85%, 1.00%, 1.15%). The BW gain (p = 0.07) and backfat thickness (p = 0.09) in the gestation period showed a tendency to be increased in sows fed the high-energy diets. In the lactation period, sows fed the high-energy diets tended to be greater BW (p = 0.09) and less BW loss (p = 0.05) than those of sows fed the low-energy diets. Sows fed high-energy diets had a tendency of greater piglet weight at day 21 of lactation and greater piglet weight gain (p = 0.08 and p = 0.08, respectively). Although the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was increased linearly as dietary lysine level increased at day 110 of gestation (Linear, p = 0.03), the BUN was decreased linearly as dietary lysine level increase at day 21 of lactation (Linear, p < 0.01). In the composition of colostrum, sows fed high-energy diets had greater casein, protein, total solid, solid not fat, and free fatty acid concentrations than those of sows fed low-energy diets (p < 0.05). Supplementation of total lysine 0.75% for gestation and 1.00% for lactation with 3,365 kcal of ME/kg energy level could be applied to the primiparous sows’ diet to improve performance of sows and growth of their progeny.
참고문헌 (49)
- Foxcroft GR, "The biological basis for prenatal programming of postnatal performance in pigs", J Anim Sci, 84, pp.E105~E112 (2006)
- Wolf J, "Within-litter variation of birth weight in hyperprolific Czech large white sows and its relation to litter size traits, stillborn piglets and losses until weaning", Livest Sci, 115, pp.195~205 (2008)
- Quesnel H, "Influence of some sow characteristics on within-litter variation of piglet birth weight", Animal, 2, pp.1842~1849 (2008)
- De Vos M, "Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low-birthweight piglets", J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 98, pp.609~619 (2014)
- King RH, "Nutritional anoestrus in young sows", Pig News Info, 8, pp.15~22 (1987)
- Young LG, "Age, weight, backfat and time of mating effects on performance of gilts", Can J Anim Sci, 70, pp.469~481 (1990)
- Van den Brand H, "Dietary energy source at two feeding levels during lactation of primiparous sows: I. effects on glucose, insulin, and luteinizing hormone and on follicle development, weaning-to-estrus interval, and ovulation rate", J Anim Sci, 78, pp.396~404 (2000)
- Ruiz ME, "Effect of feed intake and antibiotic on reproduction in gilts", J Anim Sci, 27, pp.1602~1606 (1968)
- Dourmad JY, "Effect of feeding level in the gilt during pregnancy on voluntary feed intake during lactation and changes in body composition during gestation and lactation", Livest Prod Sci, 27, pp.309~319 (1991)
- Zak LJ, "Pattern of feed intake and associated metabolic and endocrine changes differentially affect postweaning fertility in primiparous lactating sows", J Anim Sci, 75, pp.208~216 (1997)
- King RH, "Relationships between protein intake during lactation, LH levels and oestrous activity in first-litter sows", Anim Reprod Sci, 19, pp.283~292 (1989)
- Tokach MD, "Characterization of luteinizing hormone secretion in the primiparous, lactating sow : relationship to blood metabolites and return-to-estrus interval", J Anim Sci, 70, pp.2195~2201 (1992)
- Jones DB, "Impact of amino acid nutrition during lactation on body nutrient mobilization and milk nutrient output in primiparous sows", J Anim Sci, 77, pp.1513~1522 (1999)
- Yang H, "Impact of dietary lysine intake during lactation on follicular development and oocyte maturation after weaning in primiparous sows", J Anim Sci, 78, pp.993~1000 (2000)
- Yang Y, "Effects of dietary energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk composition and reproductive performance in multiparous sows", Arch Anim Nutr, 62, pp.10~21 (2008)
- R.F. Zhang, "Effects of Lysine Intake during Middle to Late Gestation (Day 30 to 110) on Reproductive Performance, Colostrum Composition, Blood Metabolites and Hormones of Multiparous Sows", Animal Bioscience, 24(8), pp.1142~1147 (2011), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Eissen JJ, "The importance of a high feed intake during lactation of primiparous sows nursing large litters", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.594~603 (2003)
- Heo S, "Effects of dietary energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk compositions and reproductive performance in primiparous sows", Can J Anim Sci, 88, pp.247~255 (2008)
- Kim SW, "Ideal amino acid balance for sows during gestation and lactation", J Anim Sci, 87, pp.E123~E132 (2009)
- Sung Woo Kim, "Functional Amino Acids and Fatty Acids for Enhancing Production Performance of Sows and Piglets", Animal Bioscience, 20(2), pp.295~306 (2007), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Andersson E, "Impact of litter size on sow stayability in Swedish commercial piglet producing herds", Acta Vet Scand, 58, pp.31~ (2016)
- Gruhot TR, "Using first and second parity number born alive information to estimate later reproductive performance in sows", Livest Sci, 196, pp.22~27 (2017)
- Fuller MF, "The optimum dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs. 2. Requirements for maintenance and for tissue protein accretion", Br J Nutr, 62, pp.255~267 (1989)
- National Research Council, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (1998), National Academy Press
- National Research Council, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (2012), National Academy Press
- Long, H. F., "Effect of Dietary Energy Levels of Gestating Sows on Physiological Parameters and Reproductive Performance", Animal Bioscience, 23(8), pp.1080~1088 (2010), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- S.S. Jin, "Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on the Physiological Parameters and Reproductive Performance of Gestating Gilts", Animal Bioscience, 29(7), pp.1004~1012 (2016), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Cooper DR, "Effect of energy and lysine intake in gestation on sow performance", J Anim Sci, 79, pp.2367~2377 (2001)
- Kusina J, "Effect of protein intake during gestation and lactation on the lactational performance of primiparous sows", J Anim Sci, 77, pp.931~941 (1999)
- Knabe DA, "Supplemental lysine for sows nursing large litters", J Anim Sci, 74, pp.1635~1640 (1996)
- Prunier A, "Feeding level, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance of primiparous sows", Livest Prod Sci, 37, pp.185~196 (1993)
- Touchette KJ, "The lysine requirement of lactating primiparous sows", J Anim Sci, 76, pp.1091~1097 (1998)
- Noblet J, "Effect of energy level in lactating sows on yield and composition of milk and nutrient balance of piglets", J Anim Sci, 63, pp.1888~1896 (1986)
- Patterson JL, "Restricted feed intake in lactating primiparous sows. I. effects on sow metabolic state and subsequent reproductive performance", Reprod Fertil Dev, 23, pp.889~898 (2011)
- Stahly TS, "Lactational responses of sows nursing large litters to dietary lysine levels", J Anim Sci, 68, pp.369~ (1990)
- Johnston LJ, "Response of maternal-line sows to dietary protein concentration during lactation", J Anim Sci, 71, pp.2151~2156 (1993)
- Thaler RC, "Effect of lysine level in lactation diets on sow performance and milk composition", J Anim Sci, 70, pp.238~ (1992)
- Santos JMGD, "Lysine and metabolyzable energy requirements of lactating sows for subsequent reproductive performance", Braz Arch Biol Technol, 49, pp.575~581 (2006)
- Quiniou N, "Variation of piglets’ birth weight and consequences on subsequent performance", Livest Prod Sci, 78, pp.63~70 (2002)
- Gondret F, "Influence of piglet birth weight on postnatal growth performance, tissue lipogenic capacity and muscle histological traits at market weight", Livest Prod Sci, 93, pp.137~146 (2005)
- Campos PHRF, "Effects of sow nutrition during gestation on within-litter birth weight variation : a review", Animal, 6, pp.797~806 (2012)
- Wientjes JGM, "Piglet birth weight and litter uniformity : effects of weaning-to-pregnancy interval and body condition changes in sows of different parities and crossbred lines", J Anim Sci, 91, pp.2099~2107 (2013)
- Coma J, "Lysine requirement of the lactating sow determined by using plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion", J Anim Sci, 74, pp.1056~1062 (1996)
- King RH, "The response of first-litter sows to dietary protein level during lactation", J Anim Sci, 71, pp.2457~2463 (1993)
- Beyer M, "Effects of dietary energy intake during gestation and lactation on milk yield and composition of first, second and fourth parity sows", Arch Anim Nutr, 61, pp.452~468 (2007)
- Revell DK, "Body composition at farrowing and nutrition during lactation affect the performance of primiparous sows: I. voluntary feed intake, weight loss, and plasma metabolites", J Anim Sci, 76, pp.1729~1737 (1998)
- Revell DK, "Body composition at farrowing and nutrition during lactation affect the performance of primiparous sows: II. milk composition, milk yield, and pig growth", J Anim Sci, 76, pp.1738~1743 (1998)
- McNamara JP, "Protein and fat utilization in lactating sows: I. effects on milk production and body composition", J Anim Sci, 80, pp.2442~2451 (2002)
- Mansbridge RJ, "Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk", Br J Nutr, 78, pp.S37~S47 (1997)