한국 서해남부 조간대 표층 퇴적물의 지화학적 특성
Geochemical Characteristics of Intertidal Surface Sediments along the Southwestern Coast of Korea
3
조회
0
다운로드
35
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In order to evaluate the characteristics of sediments and pollution by organic matter and metallic elements in intertidal sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea, we measured various geochemical parameters,including the mean grain size (Mz), water content (WC), ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD),acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, As), in intertidal surface sediments. The Mz of the surface sediments ranged from 2.1 to 8.3∅, indicating that the surface sediments consist of various sedimentary facies, such as sand, slightly gravelly mud, sandy mud, and silt. The IL and COD in surface sediment ranged from 0.8 to 5.5% (mean 2.9±1.2%) and from 3.9 to 13.8mgO2/g․dry (mean 8.5±2.6 mgO2/g․dry), respectively, which were lower than the values for surface sediment in areas near fish and shellfish farms or industrial complexes. No AVS was detected at any sampling station, despite various sedimentary facies. Most of metallic elements in surface sediments showed relatively good positive correlations with Mz and IL, which imply that the concentrations of metallic elements are mainly controlled by grain size and the organic matter content. The concentrations of metallic elements,except As, at some stations were considerably lower than those in the Sediment Quality Guideline (Effect Range Low, ERL) proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Similarly, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) class indicated that pollution by metallic elements in intertidal surface sediment, except As, was moderate or non-existent. Our results imply that the intertidal surface sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea are not polluted by organic matter and metallic elements and are healthy for benthic organisms.
Abstract
In order to evaluate the characteristics of sediments and pollution by organic matter and metallic elements in intertidal sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea, we measured various geochemical parameters,including the mean grain size (Mz), water content (WC), ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD),acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, As), in intertidal surface sediments. The Mz of the surface sediments ranged from 2.1 to 8.3∅, indicating that the surface sediments consist of various sedimentary facies, such as sand, slightly gravelly mud, sandy mud, and silt. The IL and COD in surface sediment ranged from 0.8 to 5.5% (mean 2.9±1.2%) and from 3.9 to 13.8mgO2/g․dry (mean 8.5±2.6 mgO2/g․dry), respectively, which were lower than the values for surface sediment in areas near fish and shellfish farms or industrial complexes. No AVS was detected at any sampling station, despite various sedimentary facies. Most of metallic elements in surface sediments showed relatively good positive correlations with Mz and IL, which imply that the concentrations of metallic elements are mainly controlled by grain size and the organic matter content. The concentrations of metallic elements,except As, at some stations were considerably lower than those in the Sediment Quality Guideline (Effect Range Low, ERL) proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Similarly, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) class indicated that pollution by metallic elements in intertidal surface sediment, except As, was moderate or non-existent. Our results imply that the intertidal surface sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea are not polluted by organic matter and metallic elements and are healthy for benthic organisms.
참고문헌 (62)
- Balkis N, "Factors controlling metal distributions in the surface sediments of the Erdek Bay, Sea of Marmara., Turkey", Environ Int, 27, pp.1~13 (2001)
- Bark CH, "Environmental considerations on the function and value of tidal wetland", J Environ impact assess, 13, pp.87~101 (2004)
- NOAA screening quick reference tables, "Buchman MF", Office of response and restoration division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 34~, pp.NOAA OR&R Report 08-1 (2008)
- Cho YG, "Characteristics of heavy metal distribution in surface sediments from the South Sea of Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 29, pp.338~356 (1994)
- Cho YG, "Heavy metals in surface sediments of the Youngsan Estuary, west coast of Korea", J Kor Environ Sci Soc, 7, pp.549~557 (1998)
- Cho YG, "Geochemical composition of surface sediments from the Saemangeum tidal flat, west coast of Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 6, pp.27~34 (2001)
- Choi MS, "Change of heavy metals and sediment facies in surface sediments of the Shihwa Lake", J Kor Environ Sci Soc, 8, pp.593~600 (1999)
- Davies JS, "A morphogenic approach toward sholines", Z Geomorph, 9, pp.127~142 (1964)
- Fang TH, "Mechanisms influencing the spatial distribution of trace metals in surface sediments off the south‐western Taiwan", Mar Pollut Bull, 38, pp.1026~1037 (1999)
- Folk RL, "Petrology of sedimentary rock", pp.170~ (1968), Hemphill Publishing Co.
- Folk RL, "Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters", J Sed Petol, 27, pp.3~26 (1957)
- 홍혁기, "시화호 표층퇴적물의 중금속 분석", 한국환경분석학회지, 8(1), pp.1~6 (2005), 한국환경분석학회
- Horowitz AJ, "A primer on sediment‐trace element chemistry. 2nd Ed", pp.136~ (1991), Lewis Publishers Inc.
- Hue HK, "Characteristics of the sedimentary environment in Yoja Bay in the summer of 1998", Kor J Envrion Biol, 18, pp.227~235 (1998)
- Hwang DW, "Distribution of organic matters and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor, Korea", J Kor Fish Soc, 39, pp.106~117 (2006)
- Hwang DW, "The distribution characteristics of Sb and As in the surface sediment from the Yellow Sea and the coastal areas of Korea", J Envrion Sci, 12, pp.1121~1129 (2003)
- Hyun S, "Surface sediment characteristics and benthic environments in the mouth of Jinhae Bay, Korea", J Kor Fish Soc, 36, pp.700~707 (2003)
- Hyun S, "Geochemical characteristics and heavy metal pollutions in the surface sediments of Gwangyang and Yeosu Bay, south coast of Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 8, pp.380~391 (2003)
- Sangmin Hyun, "Heavy Metal Contamination and Spatial Differences in Redox Condition of the Artificial Shihwa Lake, Korea", 한국환경과학회지, 13(5), pp.479~488 (2004), 한국환경과학회
- 현상민, "지화학적 자료에 근거한 광양만 표층퇴적물의 특성과 저서환경", 환경생물, 22, pp.93~102 (2004), 한국환경생물학회
- Ingram RL, "Sieve analysis. In : Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology", pp.49~67 (1971), Willey-Inter Science
- 전수경, "서남해안 연근해저 퇴적물의 중금속 함량 및 분포", 한국환경과학회지, 11(12) (2002), 한국환경과학회
- Jung HS, "A mechanism for the enrichment of Cu and depletion of Mn in anoxic marine sediments, Banweol intertidal flat, Korea", Mar Pollut Bull, 32, pp.782~787 (1996)
- Kahng T, "The alluvial landforms on the Bulgap River chatchment in the Jeollanam-Do", J Kor Geomorphol Associat, 11, pp.41~51 (2004)
- Kang CK, "On the distribution of organic matter in the nearshore surface sediment of Korea", Bull Kor Fish Soc, 26, pp.557~566 (1993)
- Kang HS, "Trace metal concentrations and sedimentation rates of Kwangyang, Masan and Ulsan Bay sediments", J Kor Soc Water Qual, 12, pp.455~461 (1996)
- Kim G, "Environmental and ecological consequences of subamrine groundwater discharge in the coastal areas of Korea peninsula", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 10, pp.204~212 (2005)
- Kim JG, "Estimation of decomposition capacity for organic matter in tidal falt sediment at Saemankeum area", J Kor Environ Sci Soc, 10, pp.315~321 (2001)
- 김종구, "줄포만 갯벌의 입도특성 및 중금속 오염도 평가", 해양환경안전학회지, 14(4), pp.247~256 (2008), 해양환경안전학회
- Kim JG, "Distribution characteristics of heavy metals for tidal flat sediments in the Saemankeum area", J Kor Fish Soc, 36, pp.55~61 (2003)
- Kim KH, "Distributions and pollution history of heavy metals in Nakdong Estuary sediments", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 5, pp.285~294 (2000)
- KMA, "Climatological normals of Korea", 632~ (2001)
- Kwak YS, "Heavy metal concentrations of sediment and Ruditapes philippinarum inhabited in the intertidal zone of Kwangyang Bay", Kor J Ecol, 24, pp.297~301 (2001)
- Lee HJ, "Development of stratigraphy and sediment distribution in the northeastern Yellow Sea during Holocence Sea-Level Rise", J Sed Res, 67, pp.341~349 (1997)
- Lee JH, "Characteristics of metal distribution in the sediment in Kyeonggi Bay, Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 3, pp.103~111 (1998)
- 이미경, "영일만 해역 표층퇴적물의 금속 분포 특성", 대한환경공학회지, 26(5), pp.543~551 (2004), 대한환경공학회
- Lee SH, "Heavy metals in sediments from Jinhae Bay, Korea", J Oceanol Soc Korea, 18, pp.49~54 (1983)
- Lee YG, "Stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and diatoms of the tidal sediments in Hampyeong Bay, west coast of Korea", J Kor Earth Sci Soc, 18, pp.90~98 (1997)
- Lee YW, "The geomorphological development of Watan-Cheon (River) drainage basin", J Geomorphol Associat Korea, 12, pp.77~90 (2005)
- Lim HS, "Spatial distribution of macrozoobenthos along the salintiy gradient and sedimentary environment in the Watancheon Estuary, Beobseongpo, southwest coast of Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 7, pp.8~19 (2002)
- Long ER, "Incidence of adverse effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments", Environ Manage, 19, pp.81~97 (1995)
- The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the National Status and Trends Program, "Long ER", NOAA Seattle, ~, pp.NOAA Technical memorandum NOS ORCA 52 (1990)
- Martin JM, "Elemental mass balance of material carried by minor world rivers", Mar Chem, 7, pp.173~206 (1979)
- Martin JM, "The significance of river input of chemical elements to the ocean. In: Trace Metals in Sea Water", pp.265~298 (1983), Plenum
- The investigation of coastal wetland ecosystem, "MLTM", MLTM, 382~, pp.MLTM Report, TR-2008-ME-009 (2008)
- Studies on inventories and a sustainable use of tidal flats in Korea, "MOMAF", 1130~, pp.MOMAF Report, BSPM 221-00-1610-3 (2003)
- Müller G, "Schwernetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins - Verderyngen Seit", Umschau, 24, pp.778~783 (1979)
- 윤양호, "가막만 표층퇴적물중 유기물량의 시 공간적 분포 특성", 한국해양환경공학회지, 9(1), pp.1~13 (2006), 한국해양환경공학회
- Oh JK, "Depositional environments and characteristics of surface sediments in the nearshore and offshore off the mid-western coast of the Korean Peninsula", J Kor Earth Sci Soc, 22, pp.377~387 (2001)
- Park YA, "Late Quaternary stratigraphy of the tidal deopsits in the Hampyung Bay, southwest coast of Korea", J Kor Soc Oceanogr, 2, pp.138~150 (1997)
- Park YC, "Environmental characteristics of the seawater and surface sediment in the vicnity of Pusan Harbor area in winter", J Kor Fish Soc, 28, pp.577~588 (1995)
- Ryu SO, "Seasonal variation of sedimentary processes in a semi-closed bay: Hampyong Bay, South Korea", Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 56, pp.481~492 (2003)
- 류상옥, "조석환경 변화에 의한 표층퇴적물의 시·공간적 분포 변화:한국 서해안의 무안만", 바다, 14(1), pp.10~21 (2009), 한국해양학회
- Ryu SO, "Distribution pattern and Characteristics of the surface sediments in Hampyong Bay, the southwestern coast of Korea", J Kor Earth Sci Soc, 18, pp.367~378 (1997)
- Ryu SO, "Sedimentary environments of Hampyong Bay, the southwestern coast of Korea", J Kor Earth Sci Soc, 19, pp.343~353 (1998)
- Sahu KC, "Heavy metal pollution around the island city of Bombay, India. Part І: quantification of heavy metal pollution of aquatic sediments and recognition of environmental discriminants", Chem Geol, 91, pp.263~283 (1991)
- 신범식, "생태계 모델을 이용한 갯벌의 수질정화능력 산정", 한국해양공학회지, 21(2), pp.42~49 (2007), 한국해양공학회
- Shin SE, "Sedimentary facies and geochemical characteristics of upper intertidal zone, southwestern coast, Korea", J Kor Earth Sci Soc, 23, pp.722~735 (2002)
- Taylor SR, "The geochemical evolution of the continental crust", Reviews of Geophys, 33, pp.241~265 (1995)
- 우한준, "강화 남부 갯벌의 퇴적환경 변화", Ocean and Polar Research, 24(4), pp.331~343 (2002), 한국해양연구원
- Youn ST, "Distribution characteristics of surface sediments and metal elements in Hampyong Bay, the southwestern coast of Korea", J Kor Environ Sci Soc, 8, pp.677~684 (1999)
- 윤양호, "득량만 표층퇴적물 중 유기물의 시·공간적 분포 및 기원", 한국환경과학회지, 12(7), pp.735~744 (2003), 한국환경과학회
