구멍갈파래 (Ulva pertusa Kjellman)와 감태 (Ecklonia cava Kjellman)의 질산환원효소 활성에 미치는 질소원 형태와 빛의 효과
Effects of Nrogen Form and Light Conditions on the Nitrate Reductase Activity of Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) and Ecklonia cava (Phaeophyta)
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Nitrate reductase (NR) is activated by nitrogen sources (NO_3^- and NH_4^+) and irradiance. This study investigated the effects of these factors on the NR activity of Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) and Ecklonia cava (Phaeophyta). In addition, the ammonium (NH_4^+) and nitrate (NO_3^-) uptake rates of the two species were examined. U. pertusa took up most of the NO_3^- and NH_4^+ in the medium during a 3hour incubation, while E. cava had a relatively high uptake rate after 3 hours. The NR activities of the two species were affected by the nitrogen source and irradiance and were highest when they were exposed to NO_3^--rich medium and high irradiance. However, the patterns of NR activity differed between the two species. In NO_3^--rich medium and high irradiance, U. pertusa achieved the highest NR activity (2.01 ± 0.07 μmol NO_2^- g^(-1) DW h^(-1)) within the first 3 hours and then this activity decreased drastically. By contrast, the NR activity of E. cava (0.36 ± 0.04 μmol NO_2^- g^(-1) DW h^(-1)) was constant for 12 hours. When exposed to darkness, the NR activity of U. pertusa decreased dramatically, while that of E. cava increased gradually for 12 hours. Therefore, E. cava is able to maintain NR activity during the dark because of its adequate carbohydrate reserves and substrate.
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) is activated by nitrogen sources (NO_3^- and NH_4^+) and irradiance. This study investigated the effects of these factors on the NR activity of Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) and Ecklonia cava (Phaeophyta). In addition, the ammonium (NH_4^+) and nitrate (NO_3^-) uptake rates of the two species were examined. U. pertusa took up most of the NO_3^- and NH_4^+ in the medium during a 3hour incubation, while E. cava had a relatively high uptake rate after 3 hours. The NR activities of the two species were affected by the nitrogen source and irradiance and were highest when they were exposed to NO_3^--rich medium and high irradiance. However, the patterns of NR activity differed between the two species. In NO_3^--rich medium and high irradiance, U. pertusa achieved the highest NR activity (2.01 ± 0.07 μmol NO_2^- g^(-1) DW h^(-1)) within the first 3 hours and then this activity decreased drastically. By contrast, the NR activity of E. cava (0.36 ± 0.04 μmol NO_2^- g^(-1) DW h^(-1)) was constant for 12 hours. When exposed to darkness, the NR activity of U. pertusa decreased dramatically, while that of E. cava increased gradually for 12 hours. Therefore, E. cava is able to maintain NR activity during the dark because of its adequate carbohydrate reserves and substrate.
참고문헌 (34)
- Ahn O, "Ammonium and nitrate uptake by Laminaria saccharina and Nerocystis luetkeana originating from a salmon sea cage farm", J Appl Phycol, 10, pp.333~340 (1998)
- Arévalo R, "Changes in the composition and structure of Mediterranean rocky-shore communities following a gradient of nutrient enrichment: Descriptive study and test of proposed methods to assess water quality regarding macroalgae", Mar Poll Bull, 55, pp.104~113 (2007)
- Cohen RA, "Using opportunistic green macroalgae as indicators of nitrogen supply and sources to estuaries", Ecol Appl, 16, pp.1405~1420 (2006)
- Chow F, "In vitro assay and light regulation of nitrate reductase in red alga Gracilaria chilensis", J Plant Physiol, 161, pp.769~776 (2004)
- Chow F, "Rapid and slow modulation of nitrate reductase activity in the red macroalga Gracilaria chilensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): influence of different nitrogen sources", J Appl Phycol, 20, pp.775~782 (2008)
- Corzo A, "Determination of nitrate reductase activity in Ulva rigida C. Agardh by the in situ method", J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 146, pp.181~191 (1991)
- Davison IR, "Studies on nitrate reductase activity in Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour. II. The Role of nitrate availability in the regulation of enzyme activity", J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 79, pp.65~78 (1984)
- Duke CS, "Seasonl variation in RuBPCase activity and N allocation on the chlorophyte seaweeds Ulva curvata (Kutz.) De Toni and Codium decorticatum (Woodw.) Howe", J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 112, pp.145~164 (1987)
- Fujita RM, "Metabolic regulation of ammonium uptake by Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta): A compartmental analysis of the rate-limiting step for uptake", J Phycol, 24, pp.560~566 (1988)
- Gao Y, "Light regulation of nitrate reductase in Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyceae)", Mar Biol, 112, pp.691~696 (1992)
- Gordillo FJL, "Non- photosynthetic enhancement of growth by high CO2 level in the nitrophilic seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Chlorophyta)", Planta, 213, pp.64~70 (2001)
- Hanisak MD, "The nitrogen relationships of marine macroalgae. In: Nitrogen in the marine environment", pp.699~730 (1983), Academic Press
- Harrison PJ, "Nitrogen uptake kinetics in three year-classes of Laminaria groenlandica (Laminariales: Phaeophyta)", Mar Biol, 93, pp.29~35 (1986)
- Harrison PJ, "Nutrient physiology of seaweeds: Application of concept to aquaculture", Cah Biol Mar, 42, pp.71~82 (2001)
- Huber SC, "Apparent dependence of the light activation of nitrate reductase and sucrose-phosphate synthase activities in Spinach leaves on protein synthesis", Plant Cell Physiol, 33, pp.639~646 (1992)
- Huovinen P, "Patterns and UV sensitivity of carbon anhydrase and nitrate reductase activities in south Pacific macroalgae", Mar Biol, 151, pp.1813~1821 (2007)
- Jun BO, "On ammonium uptake in Ulva pertusa Kjellman", Algae, 11, pp.317~323 (1996)
- Lee K-S, "Development of a nutrient pollution indicator using the seagrass, Zostera marina, along nutrient gradients in theree New England estuaries", Aquat Bot, 78, pp.197~216 (2004)
- Lobban CS, "Nutrients. In: Seaweed ecology and physiology", pp.163~208 (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Naldi M, "15N measurements of ammonium and nitrate uptake by Ulva fenestrata (Chlorophyta) and Gracilaria pacifica Rhodophyta): comparison of net nutrient disappearance, release of ammonium and nitrate, and 15N accumulation in algal tissue", J Phycol, 38, pp.135~144 (2002)
- Parsons TR, "A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis", pp.173~ (1984), Pergammon Press
- Pedersen MF, "Transient ammonium uptake in the macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta): nature, regulation, and the consequences for choice of measuring technique", J Phycol, 30, pp.980~986 (1994)
- Pedersen MF, "Nutrient control of algal growth in estuarine waters: nutrient limitation and the importance of nitrogen requirements and nitrogen storage among phytoplankton and species of macroalgae", Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 142, pp.261~272 (1996)
- Phillips JC, "Kinetics of nitrate, ammonium, and urea uptake by four intertidal seaweeds from New Zealand", J Phycol, 40, pp.534~545 (2004)
- Probyn TA, "In-situ measurements of nitrogenous nutrient uptake by kelp (Ecklonia maxima) and phytoplankton in a nitrate-rich upwelling environment", Mar Biol, 88, pp.149~154 (1985)
- Runcie JW, "Uptake kinetics and assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by Catenella nipae and Ulva lactuca", Aquat Bot, 76, pp.155~174 (2003)
- Teichberg M, "Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity, internal N pools, and growth of Ulva lactuca: Responses to long and short-term N supply", Mar Biol, 151, pp.1249~1259 (2007)
- Thomas TE, "Effect of nitrogen supply on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and assimilation in Porphyra perforata (Rhodophyta)", Mar Biol, 85, pp.269~278 (1985)
- Thompson SM, "Effect of nitrogen loading on enzyme activity of macroalgae in estraries inWaquoit Bay", Bot Mar, 42, pp.519~529 (1999)
- Touchette BW, "Review of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in seagrasses", J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 250, pp.133~167 (2000)
- Ullrich WR, "Uptake and reduction of nitrate: algae and fungi. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology new series Vol. 15A. Inorganic Plant Nutrition", pp.376~397 (1983), Springer-Verlag
- Wallentinus I, "Comparisons of nutrient uptake rates for Baltic macroalgae with different thallus morphologies", Mar Biol, 80, pp.215~225 (1984)
- Young EB, "Nitrate reductase activity in macroalgae and its vertical distribution in macroalgal epiphytes of seagrasses", Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 288, pp.103~114 (2005)
- Young EB, "Distinct patterns of nitrate reductase activity in brown algae light and ammonium sensitivity in Laminaria digitata is absent in Fucus species", J Phycol, 43, pp.1200~1208 (2007)
