옻나무 사료의 급여수준과 기간이 비육돈의 냉장중 육질에 미치는 영향
Effect of Feeding Levels and Periods of Dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes at Finishing Stage on the Meat Quality of Pigs during Refrigerated Storage
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비육돈에게 옻나무 사료의 첨가수준과 급여기간이 도축 후 육질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 본 실험을 실시하였다. 생시체중이 80kg과 65kg인 미경산돈(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc)을 도축전 5주(비육후기)와 8주(비육전기:3주; 비육후기:5주)동안 옻나무 사료를 0%(대조구), 2% 및 4%로 처리구당 5두씩 급여하였다. 도축후 24시간동안 냉각시킨 다음 발골한 등심(M. longissimus)을 3±0.2℃에서 8일 동안 저장하면서 실험을 실시하였다. 일반성분 함량에서 옻나무 사료를 4% 급여한 돈육이 대조구에 비해 조지방 함량이 감소하였다(p<0.05). 보수력은 옻 급여육이 대조구보다 높았다(p<0.05). 표면육색에서 명도(L* 값)는 저장기간 동안 옻나무 사료를 5주간 급여육이 대조구보다 높았으나(p<0.05), 적색도(a* 값)와 황색도(b* 값)는 옻나무 급여수준과 기간에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. TBARS는 저장기간중에 옻나무 급여육이 대조구보다 낮았으며(p<0.05), 옻나무 사료를 5주간 급여육이 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 보였다. 옻나무 사료를 급여하면 돈육 지방의 불포화지방산이 증가하고 상대적으로 포화지방산이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 단가 불포화지방산(MUFA)의 경우 옻나무 사료 급여량이나 기간에 상관없이 모든 옻 급여육이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 다가 불포화지방산(PUFA)은 8주간 옻나무 사료를 급여한 돈육에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 반면 포화지방산의 경우 옻나무 사료를 5주간 급여한 돈육이 대조구보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 등지방의 융점은 옻나무 사료의 급여수준과 기간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 옻나무 사료를 비육돈에게 급여하면 돈육의 지방 함량이 줄어드나 보수력 및 불포화지방산이 증가되며, 냉장기간중 지방산화가 억제되었다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding levels and periods of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on the quality of M. longissimus from gilts (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) at finishing stage. The gilts were fed diets containing 0 (control), 2 and 4% RVS for 5 weeks (the latter feeding periods) and 8 weeks (the first feeding periods+the latter feeding periods) before slaughtering, respectively. Samples were stored at 3±0.2℃ for 8 days. Crude fat content was decreased by feeding diets of 4% RVS (p<0.05). Water-holding capacity (WHC) was higher in RVS treatments than in control during storage (p<0.05). L*(Lightness) value was higher in 5 weeks-RVS treatment than in control during storage (p<0.05). a*(Redness) and b*(yellowness) were not affected by the levels and periods of RVS supplementation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was lower in RVS treatment than in control (p<0.05), and the 5 weeks with 4% RVS treatment showed the highest antioxidative activity. Fatty acid compositions of pork were changed by RVS feeding levels and periods. The meat supplemented with RVS showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) composition and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio compared with control. The dietary 8 weeks-RVS treatments had lower stearic acid(18:0) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than in other treatments. Melting point of backfat also decreased by increasing the level and period of RVS supplementation (p<0.05). Therefore, RVS fed pork decreased fat content and melting point, increased WHC and UFA composition, and delayed lipid oxidation during storage.
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