Effects of Photoperiod, Temperature, and Fish Size on Oxygen Consumption in the Black Porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli
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Abstract
The effects of photoperiod, temperature, and fish size on oxygen consumption (OC) in the black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli, a euryhaline marine teleost, were studied using a closed re-circulating seawater system with a respiratory chamber. Fish reared in indoor recirculating sea-water tanks were divided into two groups: small (15.7-55.8 g, mean 38.1±15.9 g) and large (108.7-238.8 g, mean 181.8±54.9 g) fish. The OC of the fish showed a clear diel rhythm, with higher values in the daytime and lower values at night, in accordance with light (09:00-20:59 h) and dark (21:00-08:59 h) cycles. The OC of the fish increased linearly with the water temperature. The OC was the highest at 10:00 h, one hour after the onset of daylight and was the lowest at 03:00 h, six hours after dusk. The average OC at 20°C during the light period was as high as 219.8 mg O2/kg/h in the small fish and 156.3 mg O2/kg/h in the large fish, while during the dark period it was as low as 130.5 and 110.4 mg O2/kg/h, respectively. The OC during the dark period, which showed limited variation, could be regarded as the resting OC, and was 107.6, 130.5, and 219.8 mg O2/kg/h at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively, in small fish, and 52.3, 110.4, and 171.0 mg O2/kg/h in large fish. As the body weight of black porgy increased, the OC decreased ex-ponentially and the relationship was expressed as OC = 1,222.8BW–0.567, OC = 1,113.2BW–0.448, and OC = 1,495.3BW–0.468 at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively. At a fish density of 14.5 g/L at 20°C, black porgy had the highest OC per breath compared to fish at the same density at 15 or 25°C. This suggests that the black porgy responds to the stocking density (15 kg/m3) and water temperature (20°C) conditions commonly observed in intensive aquaculture with the deepest breath and the highest metabolic activity.
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