Preliminary Studies on the Effects of Dietary Genetically Modified Soya and Corn on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary genetically modified (GM) soya and corn on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. For each fish species, four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.1 kcal/g) diets (designated as nGM soya, GM soya, nGM corn and GM corn) were formulated to contain 20% non-GM (nGM) and GM soya and corn. Thirty olive flounder (initial body weight, 15.4±0.4 g) and fifty rockfish (initial body weight, 3.1±0.02 g) were distributed in each 400 L tank (200 L water) in a flow through system. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish to visual satiation, twice a day (9:00 h and 17:00 h) for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured every three weeks. No effects of GM feedstuffs on survival were observed. Dietary inclusion of GM feedstuffs did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of fishes, except for rockfish fed GM corn. Rockfish fed the GM corn diet showed higher weight gain, daily feed intake and daily protein intake than did fish fed the nGM corn diet, but no significant differences were observed in final body weight between the dietary treatments. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and body composition were not altered by the inclusion of GM feedstuffs. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of GM soya and corn could have no effects on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile flounder and rockfish. Lower weight gain and feed intake in flounder and rockfish fed the diets containing 20% soya were likely due to anti-nutritional factors, rather than transgenic factors in the feedstuffs. Dietary inclusion of GM soya and corn at the level tested did not alter the body composition of fishes. Further studies to investigate the effects of GM feedstuffs on health conditions and the development of fishes, as well as those of residue of transgenic fragments in ambient environments and in animals are necessary for safe use of the ingredients in aquaculture.
Abstract
Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary genetically modified (GM) soya and corn on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. For each fish species, four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.1 kcal/g) diets (designated as nGM soya, GM soya, nGM corn and GM corn) were formulated to contain 20% non-GM (nGM) and GM soya and corn. Thirty olive flounder (initial body weight, 15.4±0.4 g) and fifty rockfish (initial body weight, 3.1±0.02 g) were distributed in each 400 L tank (200 L water) in a flow through system. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish to visual satiation, twice a day (9:00 h and 17:00 h) for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured every three weeks. No effects of GM feedstuffs on survival were observed. Dietary inclusion of GM feedstuffs did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of fishes, except for rockfish fed GM corn. Rockfish fed the GM corn diet showed higher weight gain, daily feed intake and daily protein intake than did fish fed the nGM corn diet, but no significant differences were observed in final body weight between the dietary treatments. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and body composition were not altered by the inclusion of GM feedstuffs. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of GM soya and corn could have no effects on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile flounder and rockfish. Lower weight gain and feed intake in flounder and rockfish fed the diets containing 20% soya were likely due to anti-nutritional factors, rather than transgenic factors in the feedstuffs. Dietary inclusion of GM soya and corn at the level tested did not alter the body composition of fishes. Further studies to investigate the effects of GM feedstuffs on health conditions and the development of fishes, as well as those of residue of transgenic fragments in ambient environments and in animals are necessary for safe use of the ingredients in aquaculture.
참고문헌 (16)
- AOAC, "Official methods of analysis of Official Analytical Chemists International" (1995), Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- Bjerkeng B, "Quality parameters of the flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as affected by dietary fat content and full-fat soybean meal as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diet", Aquaculture, 157, pp.297~309 (1997)
- Boonyaratpalin M, "Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer", Aquaculture, 161, pp.67~78 (1998)
- Douville M, "Occurrence of the transgenic corn cry1 Ab gene in freshwater mussels (Elliptio complanata) near corn fields: Evidence of exposure by bacterial ingestion", Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 72, pp.17~25 (2009)
- Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources, "FAO", FAO, 235~235, pp.FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 457 (2005)
- Frøystad MK, "Gene expression in distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed genetically modified soybean meal", Aquacult Nutr, 13, pp.1~11 (2007)
- Francis G, "Anti-utritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and the effects in fish", Aqua-culture, 199, pp.197~227 (2001)
- Glencross B, "Evaluation of the feed value of a transgenic strain of the narrow-lead lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) in the diet of the marine fish, Pagrus auratus", Aquacult Nutr, 9, pp.197~206 (2003)
- Hemre GI, "Growth, feed utilization and health of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fed genetically modified compared to non-modified commercial hybrid soybeans", Aquacult Nutr, 11, pp.157~167 (2005)
- Hemre GI, "Nutritional, physiological and histological responses in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. fed diets with genetically modified maize", Aquacult Nutr, 13, pp.186~199 (2007)
- Lee SM, "The effects of soybean meal as a partial replacement for white fish meal in diet for yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata)", Bull Nat Fish Res Rev Dev Agen, 45, pp.247~257 (1991)
- Lim SR, "Effects of dehulled soybean meal as a fish meal replacer in diets for fingerling and growing Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli", Aquaculture, 231, pp.457~468 (2004)
- Sanden M, "The fate of transgenic sequences present in genetically modified plant products in fish feed, investigating the survival of GM soybean DNA fragments during feeding trials in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L", Aquaculture, 237, pp.391~405 (2004)
- Sanden M, "An examination of the intestinal tract of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. parr fed different varieties of soy and maize", J Fish Dis, 28, pp.317~330 (2005)
- Sanden M, "Growth performance and organ development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. parr fed genetically modified (GM) soybean and maize", Aquacult Nutr, 12, pp.1~14 (2006)
- Sissener NH, "A long term trial with Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.) fed genetically modified soy; focusing general health and performance before, during and after the parr-smolt transformation", Aquaculture, 294, pp.108~117 (2009)