Effect of feeding frequency on reproductive performances and stress responses in gestating sows
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding frequency on a sow’s reproductive performance and stress response during gestation. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were used in a completely randomized design based on their parity, body weight (BW), and backfat thickness (BFT), and the sows were allotted to two different feeding systems: 1) once daily feeding (OF) and 2) twice daily feeding (TF) in corn-soybean meal based diets. The gestation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) / kg, 12.90% of crude protein (CP), and 0.75 % of total lysine. The lactation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of ME / kg, 16.80% of CP, and 1.08% of total lysine and provided ad libitum during lactation. In gestation, sow BFT and BF changes were not affected by feeding frequency, but higher BW and BW gain from day 35 to 90 and day 35 to 110 were observed in OF sow (p < 0.10). In lactation, feeding frequency did not influence on BW, BW gain, BFT, BF changes, average daily feed intake, and wean-to-estrus interval. Also, there were no differences in litter size, litter weight and piglet weight in lactating sows. OF sows had higher (p < 0.05; p < 0.10) protein, solid-not-fat, and total solid concentrations in colostrum compared to TF sows, while OF sows had a lower (p < 0.05) lactose concentration in colostrum compared to TF sows. Sows in OF showed significantly lower average daily water consumption (ADWC) from day 35 to 110 of gestation (p < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in stereotypic behaviors and salivary cortisol levels during gestation between treatments, the OF sows showed less time spending on the activity at day 105 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduced feeding frequency increased BW gain during gestation, decreased activation time, and changed the colostrum composition. This information may contribute to the understanding of the physiological and behavioral change of gestating sows by manipulating feeding frequency.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding frequency on a sow’s reproductive performance and stress response during gestation. A total of twenty multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were used in a completely randomized design based on their parity, body weight (BW), and backfat thickness (BFT), and the sows were allotted to two different feeding systems: 1) once daily feeding (OF) and 2) twice daily feeding (TF) in corn-soybean meal based diets. The gestation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) / kg, 12.90% of crude protein (CP), and 0.75 % of total lysine. The lactation diet was formulated to contain 3,265 kcal of ME / kg, 16.80% of CP, and 1.08% of total lysine and provided ad libitum during lactation. In gestation, sow BFT and BF changes were not affected by feeding frequency, but higher BW and BW gain from day 35 to 90 and day 35 to 110 were observed in OF sow (p < 0.10). In lactation, feeding frequency did not influence on BW, BW gain, BFT, BF changes, average daily feed intake, and wean-to-estrus interval. Also, there were no differences in litter size, litter weight and piglet weight in lactating sows. OF sows had higher (p < 0.05; p < 0.10) protein, solid-not-fat, and total solid concentrations in colostrum compared to TF sows, while OF sows had a lower (p < 0.05) lactose concentration in colostrum compared to TF sows. Sows in OF showed significantly lower average daily water consumption (ADWC) from day 35 to 110 of gestation (p < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in stereotypic behaviors and salivary cortisol levels during gestation between treatments, the OF sows showed less time spending on the activity at day 105 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduced feeding frequency increased BW gain during gestation, decreased activation time, and changed the colostrum composition. This information may contribute to the understanding of the physiological and behavioral change of gestating sows by manipulating feeding frequency.
참고문헌 (27)
- Kensinger RS, "Nucleic acid, metabolic and histological changes in gilt mammary tissue during pregnancy and lactogenesis", J Anim Sci, 54, pp.1297~1308 (1982)[DOI]
- Dourmad JY, "The effect of energy and protein intake of sows on their longevity : a review", Livest Prod Sci, 40, pp.87~97 (1994)[DOI]
- McGlone JJ, "The physical size of gestating sows", J Anim Sci, 82, pp.2421~2427 (2004)[DOI]
- Weldon WC, "Postpartum hypophagia in primiparous sows : I. effects of gestation feeding level on feed intake, feeding behavior, and plasma metabolite concentrations during lactation", J Anim Sci, 72, pp.387~394 (1994)[DOI]
- Tatemoto P, "Stereotypic behavior in sows is related to emotionality changes in the offspring", Front Vet Sci, 7, pp.79~ (2020)[DOI]
- Robert S, "Does the number of daily meals affect feeding motivation and behaviour of gilts fed high-fibre diets?", Appl Anim Behav Sci, 76, pp.105~117 (2002)[DOI]
- Holt JP, "Effects of a high-fiber diet and frequent feeding on behavior, reproductive performance, and nutrient digestibility in gestating sows", J Anim Sci, 84, pp.946~955 (2006)[DOI]
- Farmer C, "Hormonal response of pregnant gilts fed a high fiber or a concentrate diet once or twice daily", Can J Anim Sci, 82, pp.159~164 (2002)[DOI]
- Jenkins DJA, "Nibbling versus gorging : metabolic advantages of increased meal frequency", N Engl J Med, 321, pp.929~934 (1989)[DOI]
- NRC, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (2012), National Academies Press
- Fraser D, "The effect of straw on the behaviour of sows in tether stalls", Anim Sci, 21, pp.59~68 (1975)[DOI]
- Jensen P, "An ethogram of social interaction patterns in group-housed dry sows", Appl Anim Ethol, 6, pp.341~350 (1980)[DOI]
- Arellano PE, "Stereotyped behaviour, social interactions and suckling pattern of pigs housed in groups or in single crates", Appl Anim Behav Sci, 35, pp.157~166 (1992)[DOI]
- Cronin GM, "The influence of degree of adaptation to tether-housing by sows in relation to behaviour and energy metabolism", Anim Sci, 42, pp.257~268 (1986)[DOI]
- Noblet J, "Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows : modeling of energy requirements", J Anim Sci, 68, pp.562~572 (1990)[DOI]
- Robert S, "High-fibre diets for sows: effects on stereotypies and adjunctive drinking", Appl Anim Behav Sci, 37, pp.297~309 (1993)[DOI]
- Terlouw EMC, "Influences of feeding level and physical restriction on development of stereotypies in sows", Anim Behav, 42, pp.981~991 (1991)[DOI]
- Fraser D, "Recent advances in animal nutrition", pp.137~160 (1990), Butterworth-Heinemann
- Patterns of drinking water use in pork production facilities, "Brumm M", University of Nebraska–Lincoln, ~, pp.Report No.: Nebraska Swine Reports. 221 (2006)
- Pedersen BK, "Water intake and pig performance", Proceedings of Teagasc Pig Conference, pp.50~54 (1994)
- Schneider JD, "Effects of feeding schedule on body condition, aggressiveness, and reproductive failure in group-housed sows", J Anim Sci, 85, pp.3462~3469 (2007)[DOI]
- Manu H, "Effect of feeding frequency and sow parity based on isocaloric intake during gestation on sow performance", J Anim Sci, 97, pp.2154~2164 (2019)[DOI]
- Briffa JF, "Leptin in pregnancy and development: a contributor to adulthood disease?", Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 308, pp.E335~E350 (2015)[DOI]
- Valleau JC, "The impact of leptin on perinatal development and psychopathology", J Chem Neuroanat, 61–62, pp.221~232 (2014)[DOI]
- Lawrence AB, "A review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypic behaviors in pigs", J Anim Sci, 71, pp.2815~2825 (1993)[DOI]
- Whittaker X, "The influence of dietary fibre and the provision of straw on the development of stereotypic behaviour in food restricted pregnant sows", Appl Anim Behav Sci, 61, pp.89~102 (1998)[DOI]
- Hessel EF, "Influence of increased feeding frequency on behavior and integument lesions in growing-finishing restricted-fed pigs", J Anim Sci, 84, pp.1526~1534 (2006)[DOI]