서양꿀벌 군집에서 꿀벌응애(Varroa destructor) 감염의 비파괴 검출을 위한 YOLOv8 기반의 2단계 프레임워크
A YOLOv8-Based Two-Stage Framework for Non-Destructive Detection of Varroa destructor Infestations in Apis mellifera Colonies
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초록
유럽 꿀벌(Apis mellifera)은 중요한 화분매개자로서 군집 붕괴 현상(CCD)으로 위협받고 있으며, 이는 주로 바로아 응애(Varroa destructor) 감염에 기인한다. 기존의 감염 검사는 침습적이고 시간이 많이 소요되어 벌통에 추가적인 스트레스를 준다. 본 논문에서는 YOLOv8 모델을 활용한 비파괴적이고 신속한 바로아 응애 감염 검사를 위한 2단계 프레임워크를 제안한다. 프레임워크는 벌통 내부에서 촬영한 소초광 이미지를 사용한다. 첫 번째 단계에서 YOLOv8-n 모델로 벌 객체를탐지하고 개별 벌 이미지를 추출한다. 두 번째 단계에서 YOLOv8-cls 모델로 각 벌의 감염 여부를판별한다. 제안한 모델은 객체 탐지에서 mAP@0.5 0.701, 감염 분류에서 평균 정확도 91%를 달성하여 효과적인 비파괴적 검사 방법임을 입증한다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 양봉가들에게 바로아 응애감염의 조기 발견과 관리를 위한 효율적인 도구를 제공하여 CCD 발생을 감소시키고 양봉업의 지속 가능성을 지원할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
The European honeybee (Apis mellifera) is an important pollinator threatened by colony collapse disorder (CCD), primarily due to infestation by the Varroa mite (Varroa destructor). Traditional detection methods are invasive and time-consuming, often causing additional stress to colonies. We propose a two-stage framework using the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) model for non-destructive and rapid detection of Varroa mite infestation. The framework uses comb light images from inside the hives. In the first stage, a YOLOv8-n model detects bees and extracts individual bee images. In the second stage, a YOLOv8-cls model classifies the infestation status of each bee. Our object detection model achieved a mAP@0.5 of 0.701, and the classification model achieved an average accuracy of 91%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework as a non-destructive method for Varroa mite detection. Based on this research, we expect to provide beekeepers with an efficient tool for early detection and management of Varroa mite infestations, potentially reducing the incidence of CCD and supporting the sustainability of apiculture.
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