Supplemental illite or in combination with probiotics improves performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella typhimurium
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This study investigated the impact of dietary illite alone or in combination with a Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis (CB) complex on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (ST). A total of 72 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with initial body weight (BW) of 35.28 ± 0.34 g were used in a 4-week experiment and assigned to four treatment groups (six replications, three birds each per cage): 1) NC, non-challenged control fed a basal diet; 2) CC, ST-challenged control fed a basal diet; 3) IA, CC supplemented with 1% illite (10 g/kg); 4) ICB, IA supplemented with 0.1% CB (1 × 108 CFU/kg). In the ST challenge treatments, broilers were orally inoculated with 1.5 mL and 2.1 mL of ST (1 × 107 CFU/mL) on days 8 and 15, respectively, for 3 consecutive days. The ST challenge reduced (p < 0.05) broiler performance, dry matter digestibility, and villus height (VH) and increased the levels of heterophil, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum, and crypt depth (CD). However, additives counteracted ST-induced impairments (p < 0.05) in broilers, the IA and ICB showed higher body weight gain (BWG) at 15 to 21 d, and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 15 to 21 d and 1 to 28 d compared with the CC. Also, the IA and ICB showed lower (p < 0.05) CD and higher (p < 0.05) VH to CD ratio, and count of Lactobacillus in feces than the CC at 28 d. Additionally, unlikely IA, the ICB increased (p < 0.05) the BW at 21 d and the dry matter digestibility at 28 d, while decreasing (p < 0.05) the FCR at 8 to 14 d and count of Salmonella in feces at 14 and 28 d. Overall, illite alone and in combination with CB can effectively alleviate ST infection in broiler chickens, suggesting their potential as feed additives to improve growth performance, fecal microflora and intestinal morphology in ST-challenged broilers.
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of dietary illite alone or in combination with a Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis (CB) complex on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (ST). A total of 72 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with initial body weight (BW) of 35.28 ± 0.34 g were used in a 4-week experiment and assigned to four treatment groups (six replications, three birds each per cage): 1) NC, non-challenged control fed a basal diet; 2) CC, ST-challenged control fed a basal diet; 3) IA, CC supplemented with 1% illite (10 g/kg); 4) ICB, IA supplemented with 0.1% CB (1 × 108 CFU/kg). In the ST challenge treatments, broilers were orally inoculated with 1.5 mL and 2.1 mL of ST (1 × 107 CFU/mL) on days 8 and 15, respectively, for 3 consecutive days. The ST challenge reduced (p < 0.05) broiler performance, dry matter digestibility, and villus height (VH) and increased the levels of heterophil, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum, and crypt depth (CD). However, additives counteracted ST-induced impairments (p < 0.05) in broilers, the IA and ICB showed higher body weight gain (BWG) at 15 to 21 d, and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 15 to 21 d and 1 to 28 d compared with the CC. Also, the IA and ICB showed lower (p < 0.05) CD and higher (p < 0.05) VH to CD ratio, and count of Lactobacillus in feces than the CC at 28 d. Additionally, unlikely IA, the ICB increased (p < 0.05) the BW at 21 d and the dry matter digestibility at 28 d, while decreasing (p < 0.05) the FCR at 8 to 14 d and count of Salmonella in feces at 14 and 28 d. Overall, illite alone and in combination with CB can effectively alleviate ST infection in broiler chickens, suggesting their potential as feed additives to improve growth performance, fecal microflora and intestinal morphology in ST-challenged broilers.