枳實과 紫花地丁 복합제(PVC)가 TNF-α로 염증 유도된 HUVEC에 미치는 항염증 효과
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Poncirus trifoliata and Viola mandshurica Complex on TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
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Objective: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque and Viola mandshurica Baker Complex (PVC) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were pretreated with PVC and subsequently stimulated with TNF-α. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, iNOS, eNOS, KLF2, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 were assessed. Results: PVC significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, iNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 compared to the controls while increasing the expression of eNOS and KLF2. No significant effect was observed on IL-8 expression. Furthermore, PVC markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 relative to the controls. Conclusions: PVC can protect vascular endothelial cells from inflammatory damage, which may prevent cardiovascular disease by inhibiting vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque and Viola mandshurica Baker Complex (PVC) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were pretreated with PVC and subsequently stimulated with TNF-α. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, iNOS, eNOS, KLF2, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 were assessed. Results: PVC significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, iNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 compared to the controls while increasing the expression of eNOS and KLF2. No significant effect was observed on IL-8 expression. Furthermore, PVC markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 relative to the controls. Conclusions: PVC can protect vascular endothelial cells from inflammatory damage, which may prevent cardiovascular disease by inhibiting vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis.