Effects of acute temperature exposure duration on plasma metabolites and gene expression levels in liver and brain of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus )
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Water temperature significantly impacts the growth and physiological performance of cultured fish. With rising water temperatures due to global and local climate change, it is crucial to understand how fish respond to temperature stress, particularly in terms of energy metabolism homeostasis. Olive flounder, a key aquaculture species in Korea, is frequently subjected to sudden environmental changes, such as heavy rainfall and elevated water temperatures during summer. To ensure sustainable aquaculture under these challenging conditions, it is essential to investigate the physiological responses of fish, especially concerning energy metabolism homeostasis, under various durations of temperature stress. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute temperature exposure duration on plasma metabolites and the expression of genes involved in nutrient metabolism and heat shock response in the liver of juvenile olive flounder. In this experiment, juvenile olive flounder (25.0 ± 0.56 g; mean ± SEM) were abruptly exposed to a water temperature of 30℃ for 2, 4, and 6 h. Following exposure, samples of whole blood, liv er, and brain were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure, after recovery at 20℃. Plasma hematocrit, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose, total protein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were measured. Additionally, the expression levels of genes including adenosine-activated protein kinase beta (ampkβ ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (pparγ ), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase ), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70 ), glutathione peroxidase (gpx ), interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3 ), and cytochrome c oxidase (cox ) in the liver and brain were analyzed. The results revealed significant and transient increases in plasma glucose, GOT, GPT, and cortisol levels in response to temperature stress, while plasma proteins and lipids showed no consistent trends. Relative expression levels of hsp70 remained stable across liver and brain tissues, whereas other genes, such as ampkβ , pparα , pparγ , G6pase , gpx , irf3 , and cox , displayed variable patterns depending on the tissue type and exposure duration. Further research is needed to clarify these inconsistent trends and to deepen our understanding of tissue-specific responses to temperature stress.
Abstract
Water temperature significantly impacts the growth and physiological performance of cultured fish. With rising water temperatures due to global and local climate change, it is crucial to understand how fish respond to temperature stress, particularly in terms of energy metabolism homeostasis. Olive flounder, a key aquaculture species in Korea, is frequently subjected to sudden environmental changes, such as heavy rainfall and elevated water temperatures during summer. To ensure sustainable aquaculture under these challenging conditions, it is essential to investigate the physiological responses of fish, especially concerning energy metabolism homeostasis, under various durations of temperature stress. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute temperature exposure duration on plasma metabolites and the expression of genes involved in nutrient metabolism and heat shock response in the liver of juvenile olive flounder. In this experiment, juvenile olive flounder (25.0 ± 0.56 g; mean ± SEM) were abruptly exposed to a water temperature of 30℃ for 2, 4, and 6 h. Following exposure, samples of whole blood, liv er, and brain were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure, after recovery at 20℃. Plasma hematocrit, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose, total protein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were measured. Additionally, the expression levels of genes including adenosine-activated protein kinase beta (ampkβ ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (pparγ ), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase ), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70 ), glutathione peroxidase (gpx ), interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3 ), and cytochrome c oxidase (cox ) in the liver and brain were analyzed. The results revealed significant and transient increases in plasma glucose, GOT, GPT, and cortisol levels in response to temperature stress, while plasma proteins and lipids showed no consistent trends. Relative expression levels of hsp70 remained stable across liver and brain tissues, whereas other genes, such as ampkβ , pparα , pparγ , G6pase , gpx , irf3 , and cox , displayed variable patterns depending on the tissue type and exposure duration. Further research is needed to clarify these inconsistent trends and to deepen our understanding of tissue-specific responses to temperature stress.