CCL2 Chemokine as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study
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Purpose Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making theidentification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines areassociated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, weaimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and MethodsPreoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutivePCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers servedas controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 weremeasured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7,CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA wasassessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinicaland histological parameters were tested. ResultsThe gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissuecompared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samplesof PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patientserum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleasonscore and grading. ConclusionChemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promisingdiagnostic biomarker.
Abstract
Purpose Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making theidentification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines areassociated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, weaimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and MethodsPreoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutivePCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers servedas controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 weremeasured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7,CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA wasassessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinicaland histological parameters were tested. ResultsThe gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissuecompared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samplesof PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patientserum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleasonscore and grading. ConclusionChemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promisingdiagnostic biomarker.
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